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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what is cell theory |
1. all cells must come from pre-existing cells 2. cells are the most basic unit of life 3. all living things are made of cells |
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what are prokaryotic cells |
very simple cells, single celled, no nucleus |
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describe eukaryotic cells |
have nucleus, organelles, membrane-bound organelles, can be single or multi cellular |
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organelles that you need to know |
cell membrane, cell wall, golgi apparatus, rough and smoot endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, vacuole |
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what do proteins do |
they determine the nature and activity of the cell |
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what do nucleic acids do |
contain inherited info of your cells in the nucleus |
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carbohydrates, what are they |
energy used by the cell |
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what are lipids |
fat used as a storage of energy |
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what do enzymes do |
speed up biochemical reactions, can build up or break down other molecules |
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are enzymes used up or changed in chemical reactions? |
no |
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how do enzymes work |
they weaken bonds lowering activation energy |
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what is a hypotonic solution |
a solution that has a solute concentration lower than the cell meaning water moves into the cell |
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what is a isotonic solution |
concentration of solutes is equal insidde and outside of the cell so water moves across the membrane in both directions |
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what is a hypertonic solution |
solute concentration higher than solvent |
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what is diffusion |
it is the movement of particles for an are of high concentration to an area of low concentration through a semi permeable membrane |
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what is osmosis |
it is the movement of water across a permeable membrane driven by a difference in solute concentrations on two sides of the membrane |
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what is passive transport |
particles moving down the concentration gradients without any input energy |
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what is active transport |
movement of particles against the normal concentration, requires large amount of ATP |
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the surface area to volume ratio of a cell is better off being large and small? |
it is better to have a smaller surface are to volume ration as it give the cell more room to perform chemical reactions |
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what is integral protein? |
it works as a transporter, linker and receptor |
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what is mitosis |
the splitting of the nucleus creating 2 daughter cells |
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what is meiosis |
cell division that results in four daughter cells each with half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell (produces haploid cells) |
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what are monosaccharides |
a type of carbohydrate (simple sugars) |
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what are disaccharides |
two monosaccharides that are joined by glycosidic linkage |
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what are polysaccharides |
storage or structural macromolecules made from a few hundred to a few thousand monosacccharides |
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what is a diploid cell |
have two sets of chromosomes, the parents each donate one set of chromosomes |
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what are haploid cells |
cells that contain only one set of complete set of chromosomes |
