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60 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Evolution |
Change over time and generations |
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What is a theory |
a carefully thought-out explanation for observations of the natural world that has been constructed using the scientific method, and which brings together many facts and hypotheses. |
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What is a fact |
Something that is the truth |
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Buffon |
Similer organisms may have a common ancestor |
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Hutton |
Actualism Geological formation of land forms are the result of line erosion |
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Lamarck |
First scientist to realize that the environment plays a key role in the evolution of species Inheritance of acquired traits |
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Cuvier |
Catastrophism Earth has been effetced by previous violant events example is noah ark |
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Lyell |
Uniformitianism Earth has been changed by the same process in the past as can be observed occuring in the present Geological is slow and gradual than fast and sudden and catastrophic Natural laws and processes are constant and eternal,operate with same intensity in the past as the present |
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Charles Darwin was born |
100 years ago |
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What did charles darwin want to understand |
How did diversity come on earth |
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Whats the best idea anyone ever thought of |
Theory of evolution |
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Organisms darwin observed on Galapagos island |
Bird Tortois Iguana Sloth Penguin |
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Back in britian what did darwin learn about birds |
13 species Same with different variations |
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What did darwin learn about human snake and whale embroyos |
Snakes-1 bump Whales-had teeth Humans-slit around neck |
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what did darwin do in 1831 |
join the HMS Beagle as ship's naturalist for a trip around the world |
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distantly related species living in similar habitats in different parts of the world look similar and act in similer ways |
example is reheas emus ostriches all are flightless birds but are similar all on grass land also |
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what did Darwin observe about austrailia |
kangaroos and other pouched animals are only found in Australia |
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what did darwin notice about plants and animals of south america |
they were quite distinct from species in Europe and Africa |
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related animal species that occupy habitats within a local environment had different features |
he compared the Galapagos islands to the west coast 1000km away |
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what did darwin notice about the finches on the Galapagos island |
they all resembled the same species mockingbird and that each species was designed to feed of the food source of there own island |
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how did darwins observations support the idea of modern-day species are descended from ancestral species |
through darwins study of fossil fuels he found that species from south America back then relate to present day despite the size difference |
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Darwin thought humans decendad from which animals |
Fish |
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Darwin argued for the concept of |
Evolutionary change along many lines |
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Darwin provided a mechanism for this evolution change called |
Natural selection |
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Darwin's ideas Descent with modifications |
Creatures are not immutable Change is a rule not an exception Organisms live today descended by a series of graudal change from ancient ancestors Species change over time |
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Darwins idea natural selection |
Change is determined by natural selection |
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3 ways natural selection works |
Organisms struggle to live-resources limited and competetive,only small amount of offspring will survive each generation Natural variation among members of a species-member of species are different.much of the variation is heritable Role of enviorment-organisms survive based of the enviorment.enviorment makes individuals aquire characteristics htroughout their lives that help them survivr |
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Individuals better adapted to enviorment are more fit and those who can continue from there and reproduce are called |
Survival of the fittest |
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How did darwim explain how one species of finch turned into so many |
Variation was the starting point and food source |
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Whats a fossil record |
The chronological collection of lifes remains in the rock layers recorded during passage of time |
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What do fossils represent |
Represent the minerlized remains of impression of pre existing organisms |
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In what type of rock are fossils found |
Sedemintry rock |
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How do we establish the age of parent rock and sedimentry rock |
Radio isotope dating |
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What does the fossil record show on the geologic time scale |
Progression of life from few to many and fron simple to complex |
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Darwin noticed similarities between organisms in different parts of the world |
Modern day organisms must have evolved fron ancestral forms |
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What did darwins study of finches reveal |
Finches were all descendants of a single ancestral species from tbe mainland Adapt to enviorment Varying in phenotype |
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Similer habitats lead to |
Similer adaptation E.g crocodile and alligator |
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Homologus structure |
Anatomically similer structures in species with a recent common ancestor that performs different functions
E.g human hands vs panda handd |
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Analogus structures |
Anatomically similer structures in species with a distant common ancestor that performs same functions |
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Vestigial structure |
Are remenants of structure that may have had inportany functions in ancestral species but have no clear function in modern descendents E.g wisdom teeth |
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Comparative development |
Embryos of closley related organisms often have similer stages in development |
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Artifical selection |
Slecetive breeding of domesticated plants and animals to produce offspring with genetic traits that human value |
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How can molecular bio prove evidence for evalution |
Conparig biological molecules bet ween organisms |
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What would we expect of the dna sequence between 2 closley related organisms as opposed to 2 related |
Dna and proteins sequences are similer among closley related organism sequences show more differences |
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Changes in beak shape |
Recent evidence shows the average beak and body size of the medium ground finch changes se el ninos come and go |
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Antibiotice resistance in bacteria |
If bacteria are exposed to antibiotics some may have variations that allow them to survive and pass that variation on to the next generation
This can create antiobiotic resistant bacteria Mycobacterium Closetridium Examples |
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What is microevolution |
Chnages to an allleles in a population is known as microevolution |
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Natural selection |
Not random The enviorment inreases the frequencies of the alles that provide reproductive advantages to individual thus leading to the evolution of adaptation |
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Sexual selection |
Mating is not random Form of natural selection in which individuals with certain inherited traits are more lilely to obtain mates then other individuals |
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Gene pool |
Consists of all the alleles that make up a population |
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2 main sources of variation in a population |
Mutation Sexual reproduction |
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Darwin used artifical selection to prove |
Natural selection |
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Whats artifical selection and how is selective breeding involved |
Intentional breeding of domestic plants and animals to produce certain traits Selective breeding is involved and can result in fast paced microevolution |
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Genetic drift is random or not |
Its random unlike natural and sexual selection |
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Genetic drift |
Is a change in gene pool of a population due to chance |
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Hardy weinberg equilibrium |
Random mating never happpens Large population of species No movement in and out of population No mutations No natural selection |
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Bottle neck effect |
Naturals disasters can drastically reduce the size of the population leaving only a few individual's By chance certain allleles may be represented more frequently than others. Genetic variation is reduced as a result |
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Founder effect |
When a few indivuals colonize a new and isolated habitat Change in allele frequencies relate to genetic makeup of founders of the colony Finches are an example |
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Is gene flow random |
Yes |
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What does gene flow involve |
Involves the exchanges of genes with another population. Occurs when fertile individuals or their gametes migrate between population's Pollen is an example |
