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8 Cards in this Set

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Reliability means

Confidence about your results, depending on how far your results are spread around the mean (which can be displayed by standard deviation error bars).

To improve reliability

Repeat the test at least three times. Discard and repeat anomalies.

Accuracy means

How close your results are to the true value.

To improve accuracy

Standardise the procedure carefully for each value.


Increase the number of values.


Increase precision of the equipment used to measure the independent variable (e.g. temperature).

Precision means

Ability to be exact.

To improve precision

Increase precision of the equipmet used to measure the dependent variable (your results). E.g. increase the number of graduations on the recording instrument (e.g. 0.1g to 0.01g)

Validity means

Valid data is not affected by anything other than the independent variable.

To improve validity

Ensure data is only affected by the independent variable.