Euro French Revolution

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First Estate

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Clergy, 20% of land, exempt from taxes

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Second Estate

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nobles, 20% of land, exempt from taxes

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Third Estate

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middle class, urban artisans, peasants; 95% of population; paid taille, tithe, income, salt, local duties

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Parlement of Paris

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high court of France that ruled that new taxes could not be levied unless approved by the Estates General

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Estates General

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legislative body equivalent to a parliament, which had not met in 175 years and represented the three estates

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Tennis Court Oath (June 1789)

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Estates-General promised not to leave until they had created a constitution for France

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National Assembly (June 1789)

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Third Estate declared itself as such and broke a voting deadlock in the Estates-General

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Bastille (July 1789)

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fortress that symbolized royal injustice stormed by a Parisian mob- after food riots, peasant rebellions, and inaction of Louis

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Decrees (August 1789)

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when the National Assembly abolished feudalism and manorialism

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Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen (August 1789)

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Freedom of speech, thought, and religion; due process of law; taxes imposed by consent of governed; the right to rule was whole nation's

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Great Fear (August 1789-1790)

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as 3rd estate rose up and destroyed feudal records and noble houses, lent strength to movement to end feudalism

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Constituent Assembly (September 1789)

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name for National Assembly because it was drafting a constitution

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March on Versailles (October 1789)

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Jean Paul Marat led Paris mob of women to force the king to relocate to the Tuileries

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Civil Constitution of the Clergy (1790)

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convents and monasteries abolished; clergymen paid by state and elected by citizens; clergy could not have authority of pope. Half of Gallican priests did not accept this.

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Elected Legislative Assembly (1791)

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National Assembly drafted cons. with this, made the king chief executive officer and assembly to establish voting qualifications for male citizens

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Flight to Varennes (June 1791)

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royal family to raise a counterrevolutionary arm- stopped, king and queen prisoners

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Declaration of Pillnitz (August 1791)

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King of Austria threatened military action to restore order and encouraged radical revolutionaries

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Wars of the Revolution (April 1792)

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Legislative assembly declared war on Austria in response to an ultimatum

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Brunswick Manifesto (July 1792)

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issued by commander of Prussian army, threatening Parisians if harm came to the king. Jacobin aroused mobs.

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Jacobin

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radical Republican leaders

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Tuleries (August 1792)

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stormed and king prisoner; mobs slaughtered priests, bourgeois, and aristocrats

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France declared (September 1792)

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a republic, the first

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First Coalition (1793)

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France drove back invaders; alliance of Austria, England, Netherlands, Prussia, Spain organized to combat French

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Girondists

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supported by the peasants in rural areas

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National Convention (1793)

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Jacobins and Girondists battled for control of this new assembly under the republic

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Maximilien Robespierre (1758-1794)

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leader of the Jacobins pushed for execution of the king; later executed

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Louis XVI

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tried for treason and guillotined with Marie Antoinette in 1793

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Enrages (May 1793)

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radical working-class leaders of Paris arrested Girondists and left Jacobins in control

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Committee of Public Safety (Summer 1793)

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dictatorial committee that launched Reign of Terror

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Reign of Terror (summer 1793-1794)

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Over 20,000 people (75% working class or peasants) executed from summer 1793-1794

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Republic of Virtue (Late 1793)

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proclaimed by Com. of Public Safety to de-Christianize France; alienated Catholic majority of nation

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Danton

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original Jacobin executed by National Convention when public opinion turned against Reign of Terror

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Thermidorian Reaction (Thermidor 1795)

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returned the moderate bourgeois reformers to power

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Directory (1795-1799)

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five-member executive established by the National Convention to run the government

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sans-culotttes

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poor city dwellers who added zeal and brutality to the revolution