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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Reasons for European exploration
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- Curiosity
- Marco Polo's inspiration - Economic motive - Religious conversion of other people |
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Marco Polo
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Wrote account of his travels to the Mongol empire; inspired other explorers
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Means of European exploration
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- Wealth and technology
- Cartography - New ships - Compasses - Knowledge of wind patterns |
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Portolani
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Charts of coastal contours, distances between ports, and compass readings; neglected the Earth's curvature, not accurate for long distances
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Ptolemy
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A geographer of the 2nd century AD; his "Geography" became known to Europeans in 1400s; underestimated Earth's circumference, Columbus's assumptions stemmed from this
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Prince Henry the Navigator
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Founded a school for navigators in Portugal; sparked Portugese expeditions southward along African coast; these expeditions began slave trade in Portugal
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Bartholomeu Dias
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Rounded the Cape of Good Hope at southern tip of Africa but turned back due to fear of mutiny
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Vasco da Gama
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Rounded Cape of Good Hope and stopped at Muslim-controlled ports in East Africa; reached Calicut in India in 1498; found spices like cinnamon and ginger
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Alfonso de Albuquerque
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Set up Goa in India due to need for a land base; invaded Malacca and slaughtered Arab population
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Goa
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Headquarters for Portugal throughout India; conducted raids against Arab traders
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Malacca
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Site of a bloody massacre of Arabs; allowed for Portugese to gain control over Muslim traders
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Christopher Columbus
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Believed Asia could be reached by sailing west; instead discovered the New World, but believed it was Asia (he called its inhabitants "Indians")
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John Cabot
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Venetian seaman who explored the New England coastline
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Pedro Cabral
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Accidentally discovered South America in 1500
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Amerigo Vespucci
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Described geography of America in a series of letters; his name was used for the name of "America"
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Vasco Nuñez de Balboa
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Led an expedition across Panama and reached the Pacific Ocean
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Ferdinand Magellan
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Sailed all the way around South America to the Philippines, where he was killed by natives; one of Magellan's fleet made it back to Spain
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Hernán Cortés
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Landed at Veracruz and marched to Tenochtitlán; made alliances with city-states; fought a war with Aztec empire, which eventually collapsed due to smallpox; helped gain control of northern Mexico
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Francisco Pizarro
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Took over Inca Empire after an outbreak of smallpox caused a civil war, weakening the country
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Encomienda
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A system introduced by Isabella of Castile that permitted conquering Spaniards to use natives as laborers; in return, they were supposed to pay wages and protect the Indians; but in reality, they just killed everyone
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Batolomé de Las Casas
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Championed the rights of Indians and made them abolish the encomienda system
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New Spain
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Mexico, Central America and Caribbean islands; capital of Mexico City
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Peru
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Western South America; capital in Lima
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Dutch East India Company
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Government-sponsored trading company that set up a colony on the Cape of Good Hope
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