Ch 19 Euro Spielvogel

Front 1

• General Cornwallis

Back 1

o commander of the British army who was forced to surrender to Americans and French at Yorktown

Front 2

• Treaty of Paris

Back 2

o recognized independence of American colonies and granted Americans control of some land

Front 3

Marquis de Lafayette

Back 3

o French aristocratic officer who had volunteered for service in America to beat England• One of the many officers who provided Europeans information about America
o Returned to France with ideas of individual liberties, etc.

Front 4

• First Estate

Back 4

o clergy who were exempt from the taille (French tax)

Front 5

• Second Estate

Back 5

o nobility who wanted more power from the monarchy

Front 6

• Nobility of the sword

Back 6

o claimed to be descendants of the original medieval nobility

Front 7

• Ségur Law

Back 7

o limits the sale of military officerships to new nobles

Front 8

• Cahiers de doléances

Back 8

o statements of local grievances drafted during the elections to the Estates-General
People said they wanted a constitutional government with the church and nobility having less power

Front 9

• Charles de Calonne

Back 9

o controller general of finance in France who proposed a complete revamping of the fiscal and administrative system of the state
o He convened an "assembly of nobles" but nobody would cooperate and the government just got worse

Front 10

• Abbé Sieyès

Back 10

o wanted to turn the three estates into a single-chamber legislature that would reform France so that Third Estate was more important, issued a pamphlet about this

Front 11

• Johann Gottlieb Fichte

Back 11

o philosopher who at first welcomed the French Revolution for freeing human spirit, but then became a proponent of German national spirit

Front 12

• Tsar Alexander I

Back 12

o led a large Russian army that fought against Napoleon's

Front 13

• Germaine de Stael

Back 13

o writer who refused to accept Napoleon's growing despotism- set up a salon and wrote about him as tyranical

Front 14

• Concordat

Back 14

o Napoleon arranged it with Pope Pius VII to reestablish the Catholic Church in France

Front 15

• Gracchus Babeuf

Back 15

o wanted to abolish private property and eliminate private enterprise: created the Conspiracy of Equals and wanted even more revolution, even after the Revolution was over

Front 16

• Louis Saint-Just

Back 16

o member of the Committee of Public Safety justified the Reign of Terror saying everybody opposed to the Committee are enemies

Front 17

• Law of the General Maximum

Back 17

o established price controls on goods declared of first necessity

Front 18

Girondins

Back 18

o feared the radical mobs in Paris and wanted to keep the king alive to protect: group in National Convention

Front 19

• Declaration of Pillnitz

Back 19

o Leopold II of Austria and Frederick William II of Prussia issued it, inviting other European monarchs to support France

Front 20

• Sans-culottes

Back 20

o ordinary patriots who comprised the Paris Commune: they rose to power and sought revenge on those who had helped the king and resisted the popular will

Front 21

• Olympe de Gouges

Back 21

o refused to accept exclusion of women from political rights
o Wrote Declaration of the Rights of Woman and the Female Citizen- women should have same rights as men

Front 22

Marseillaise

Back 22

o French war song that became the national anthem

Front 23

• Marquis de Launay

Back 23

o commander of the Bastille who surrendered to the mob

Front 24

• Assignats

Back 24

o form of paper money issued by the church from land sales

Front 25

• Law of 14 Frimaire

Back 25

o centralize the administration of France and exercise greater control to check the excesses of the Reign of Terror

Front 26

• Maximilien Robespierre

Back 26

o a member of the committee who wanted to use power to benefit the people

Front 27

Senate

Back 27

o elected by state legislatures

Front 28

• House of Representatives

Back 28

o elected directed by the people

Front 29

• French Patriots

Back 29

o "lovers of liberty"- mainly bourgeoisie and nobles

Front 30

• Permanent Committee

Back 30

o formed by Parisian leaders to keep order from mob activity

Front 31

• Legislative Assembly

Back 31

o sovereign power was vested here: group of deputies (representatives)

Front 32

• The Mountain

Back 32

o represented the interests of the city of Paris and didn't want the king: also group in National Convention
o They won- king was executed

Front 33

• Georges Danton

Back 33

o lead the sans-culottes

Front 34

• Third Estate

Back 34

o commoners of society- peasants, artisans, shopkeepers, etc.

Front 35

• French Parlments

Back 35

o law courts responsible for registering royal decrees, but often didn't causing the failure to make reforms

Front 36

• Society of Thirty

Back 36

o club of people from the Paris salons who loved liberty
o Very influential in the early stages of the French Revolution

Front 37

• Jacobins

Back 37

o group of radical deputies- formed clubs across France

Front 38

• Bourgeosie

Back 38

o middle class who wanted security and status through land, were often excluded from nobles' privileges

Front 39

• Thermidorean Reaction

Back 39

o Reign of Terror began to abate

Front 40

• Third Coalition

Back 40

o Britain, Austria, Russia, and Prussia

Front 41

• First consul

Back 41

o Napoleon

Front 42

• Gilded youth

Back 42

o sons of the wealthy who went into the streets to insult former supporters of the Revolution

Front 43

• Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen

Back 43

o charter of basic liberties providing the foundation for the National Assembly

Front 44

• Civil Code or Code Napoléon

Back 44

o recognized the principle of the equality of all citizens before the law, etc.: result of the revolution

Front 45

• Committee of Public Safety

Back 45

o administered the government after king was executed