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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Nucleoplasm |
Granular jelly making up most of the nucleus Contains chromatin (seen as fibres/blobs) |
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Nucleolus/Nucleoli |
Small spherical region in nucleoplasm Makes ribosomal RNA/ribosomes Can be more than 1 |
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Nuclear pores |
Allows large molecules like messenger RNA out Around 300 per nuclei 40-100nm diameter |
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Chromatin |
Aka chromosomes Protein bound linear DNA + histones Seen as dark blobs/fibre |
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Nuclear envolope |
Double membrane envelope Ribosomes on surface Entry and exit Contains reaction Outer continuous with endoplasmic reticulum |
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Nucleus functions |
Control centre Makes mRNA tRNA and protein synthesis Hold genetic material in DNA/chromosomes Makes ribosomal RNA/ribosomes |
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Ultrastructure |
internal structure adapted for function |
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Eukaryotic cells |
Membrane bound organelles with a clear nucleus |
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Mitochondria structure |
Rod shaped, 1-10um long Double membraned with cristae for attachment Matrix with proteins, lipids, ribosomes, DNA |
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Mitochondria functions |
Site for protein synthesis Site for aerobic respiration Make ATP |
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Ribosome structure |
80s or 70s round surrounded by membrane 25nm or smaller |
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Ribosome functions |
Protein synthesis Can be 25% dry mass due to numbers |
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Rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) structure |
3D sheet membranes Ribosomes on outer surface Large surface area |
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Rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) functions |
Path for material transport Glycoprotein/protein synthesis |
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Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) structure |
no ribosomes tubular and smooth 3D sheet membranes continuous with outer membrane |
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Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) functions |
Stores, synthesises and transports lipids and carbohydrates |
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Golgi apparatus structure |
Like a compact SER cisternae with vesicles |
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Golgi apparatus functions |
Labels, sorts and sends proteins and lipids Makes glycoproteins Makes secretory enzymes Secretes carbohydrates Forms lysosomes |
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Chloroplast structure |
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