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96 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the two components that make up jazz? |
jazz swing feel and improvisation |
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In order for jazz to contain a jazz swing feel is must have _________? |
Syncopation |
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Syncopation |
Accenting/Stressing/Emphasizing notes off the beat |
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What genre popularized syncopation? |
Ragtime |
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Improvisation |
Composing and Performing Simultaneously (not created ahead of time) |
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Harmony |
Chords that accompany the melody |
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What is improvisation so important to jazz? |
It is a vehicle that allows musicians to express their creativity |
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Why is improvisation difficult for jazz musicians? |
They must take their ideas and translate it to the instrument they are playing
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Chord |
A collection of three or more notes |
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Leader |
member of the group that is responsible for getting gigs/performances |
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Chord/Harmonic Progression |
One chord moving to the next chord |
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Chorus |
When the last improvisor is done, the melody is played again |
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What skills does a great improvisor need? |
great command of their instrument, comfort with their instrument, highly developed ear, ability to blend, practice |
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Jazz is usually a ____________ art form |
ensemble (multiple musicians interacting) |
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What is the standard jazz performance components? |
Melody, Improvisation, Restatement of the melody |
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What are the two common forms of jazz? |
12-bar blues form and AABA form |
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12 bar blues |
Form that is usually 12 measures (melody and chorus, key and tempo kept, improvisation surrounds chords, made up of only 3 chords |
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AABA form |
Usually longer than 12 bar blues, repetition of the melody A, change to B, then a recapitulation to A, usually 32 bars in length |
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What instruments are in the rhythm section? |
upright bass, string bass, primary time keeper, drummer |
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Walking |
When the bass creates a melodic baseline by playing one note per beat |
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What are characteristics of jazz drummers? |
Keeping time, using high hat, using left hand to accent/draw attention |
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Which two intrsuments commonly cross back and forth from the melody and the accompaniment? |
Piano and Guitar |
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What is the purpose of jazz/guitar in jazz pieces? |
Provide harmonic foundation and rhythmic interest |
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In early jazz, which instrument was used instead of the guitar? |
The banjo |
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What six things do improvisors have to be aware of when playing their solo? |
Remember the chord changes, think ahead to what chords are coming next, create melodic phrase, remember what they have played, interact with other members, stay within the character of the music |
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Jazz developed from popular music styles of what time period? |
The 1800s |
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Which three popular music styles combined to form jazz? |
Big Band, Ragtime, and Blues |
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Brass bands primarily played in what setting? |
Outdoor/concert setting
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Brass bands primarily played ________ |
marches |
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Who was the most famous brass band composer of the 1800s? |
John Phillip Souza |
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Ragtime is distinguished by |
syncopation |
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Ragtime often did what to older songs? |
Took older songs and changed the emphasis of the notes |
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Most ragtime was played and composed for what instrument? |
Piano |
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Who was the most famous ragtime composer? |
Scott Joplin |
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What characteristics are contained in jazz but not ragtime? |
Jazz swing feel and improvisation |
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Brass band contributed __________ to jazz, whereas blues/ ragtime contributed ___________ |
instruments; artistic/perfomrance/stylistic sense to jazz |
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Blues developed primarily from |
the work songs of slaves |
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Early blues were often sungs as ______ by street vendors |
jingles |
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What was an important early blues recording? |
St. Louis Blues, Bessie Smith |
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Blues vocalists usually have a lot of __________ |
inflection, ornamentation, and bent pitches |
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What is considered as the birthplace of jazz? |
New Orleans |
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Why was New Orleans a strategic location for the emergence of jazz? |
Great Ethnic Diversity, Shipping Port, Comsopolitan, high demand for musicians |
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How did a high demand/low supply of musicians in New Orleans contributed to the emergence of jazz/ |
Musicians often had to play styles that they were not comfortable with which allowed for the blending of the new genre, jazz |
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Jazz emerged as a recognizable style at what time? |
the 1890s |
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Which musical element had both African and European origins? |
Improvisation (European = more decorated melody/cadenza, African = closer to jazz) and Decorated Tones |
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What are the origins of syncopation? |
African origins |
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Instrumentation originated from |
European origins (brass bands) |
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Smear/Scoops/and Doights have what origins? |
African |
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What do mutes do to the sound of instruments? |
Change the color/tone of the instrument |
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Who played both the soprano sax and the clarinet? |
Sidney Bechet |
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What years did the Jazz Age/Early Jazz occur |
1900-1930 |
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The Swing Era began in? |
The late 1920s |
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With the exception of __________, most instrumentation of the jazz combo is African. |
Banjo (and some drums) |
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What are differences between the Jazz Age and previous era genres? |
- jazz has a more relaxed rhythmic feel - jazz had more improvisation - music is more ragged/syncopated - more complex - more group improvisation |
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Who are the Big Three of Early Jazz and what instruments do they play? |
Jelly Roll Morton (piano), Joe "King" Oliver (trumpet), Kid Ory (trombonist) |
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Who was the first musician to play jazz? |
Buddy Bolden |
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New Orleans migrated to what area to create a vibrant music scene |
Chicago |
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In what city did jazz music evolve to contain more improvisation? |
Chicago |
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How did jazz music migrate? |
Musicians were hired to play on ships |
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What was the first band to record jazz music? |
The Original Dixieland Jazz Band |
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What was the first jazz song that was recorded? |
Livery Stable Blues & Dixie Jazz One Step by Original Dixieland Jazz Band |
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What year was the first jazz song recorded |
1917 |
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What year did King Oliver's Creole Jazz Band record their first song? |
1923 |
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Most of the evolution of the jazz combo took place in what city? |
Chicago |
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What was another city that was important to the formation of jazz besides Chicago and New Orleans? |
New York |
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Who was the bandleader of Hellfighters? |
James Reese Europe |
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Who was the most prominent ragtime bandleader? |
James Reese Europe |
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What city were jazz pianists primarily from> |
New York |
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Early Jazz Piano Style was usually performed ______? |
unaccompanied/solo |
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Early Jazz solo piano was derived from? |
Ragtime |
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Who was the most prominent transitional musician between the ragtime and jazz eras? |
Jelly Roll Morton |
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Jelly Roll Morton was originally from |
New Orleans |
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Who was considered to be the first important jazz composer? |
Jelly Roll Morton |
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Who was the first musician to show that jazz could be written down/notated? |
Jelly Roll Morton |
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What is Jelly Roll Morton's most notable piece? |
King Quarter Stomp |
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What is the main difference between ragtime and jazz piano styles? |
Improvisation |
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What two jazz characterisitcs did Jelly Roll Morton pioneer/establish? |
-Jazz swing feel - swing 1/8th note technique |
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In Jazz 1/8th notes alternate between |
a pattern of long and short/uneven |
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Jelly Roll Morton could often play _______ or more melodic lines at the same time |
two or more (he could add a "third voice" |
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What was the name of Jelly Roll Morton's ensemble that played his compositions? |
Red Hot Peppers |
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Who composed "Wolverine Blues" |
Jelly Roll Morton |
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What jazz musician influenced the piano styles of the 1930s-1940s? |
Earl "Fatha" Hines |
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Who were three swing era pianists that were influenced by Earl "Fatha" Hines? |
Count Basee, Teddy Wilson, and Nat King Cole |
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Who pioneered the piano "trumpet" improvisation style? |
Earl Fatha HInes |
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Who was the pianist in the song "West End Blues"? |
Earl Fatha Hines |
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What is Earl Fatha Hines most famous song? |
West End Blues |
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Art Tatum was influenced by |
Earl Fatha Hines |
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Stride piano requires the pianist to _____________________ with their left hand? |
Keep a Rhythm/Beat, alternate between a base note and a chord |
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Who was the first jazz musician to be broadcasted on radio? |
James P. Johnson |
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Who was known as the "Father of Stride"? |
James P. Johnson |
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What three swing era pianists were influenced by Fats Waller> |
Art Tatum, Count Basee, and Dave Brubeck |
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Who was a rival contemporary of James P. Johnson? |
Willy "The Lion" Smith |
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Boogie Woogie is a style distinguished by it's ________ |
bouncing quarter notes |
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Paul Whiteman was a forerunner to what era? |
The Swing Era |
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Paul Whiteman disagreed with what jazz characteristic? |
Improvisation |
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Which two bandleaders/musicians were important during the transition between Jazz and Swing Eras? |
Fletcher Kinderson, and Duke Ellington |
