Ethics Exam 1 Study Guide

Front 1

narrative quality of experience

Back 1

to tell our lives through stories

Front 2

Identify the key themes of the “christian story”

Back 2

creation, sin, covenant, incarnation, death & resurrection, discipleship, love of neighbor, reign of god

Front 3

ethics

Back 3

the moral dimension of life, the feeling of should or ought

Front 4

The moral tug

Back 4

the feeling of the obligation to do something morally correct

Front 5

The relationship between character, choices and community

Back 5

1.) The character of a person is affected by the communities they live in and the actions they perform; and that character in turn shapes future actions and impacts the evolving shape of the community.

2.) The actions we choose flow from our character and our shaped by the community.

Front 6

How is moral experience dynamic

Back 6

because it’s rooted in the present, but looking back to the past and forward to the future.

Front 7

Guilt:

Back 7

The experience that we should’ve done something differently in the past

Front 8

Duty

Back 8

The experience that we should do something in the present or future.

Front 9

Dilemma

Back 9

The experience of more than one conflicting duty, with no obvious sense of which is the right one to choose

Front 10

What is the natural law

Back 10

the idea that human goodness is based in our nature and can be known through our reason

Front 11

How does natural law relate to moral reasoning and moral norms

Back 11

Natural law is a helpful mode of moral reasoning and it claims the existence of an objective moral order leading us be able to deter moral norms

Front 12

Nature as physical:

Back 12

acting naturally has to do with our body/biology

Front 13

Nature as rational:

Back 13

acting natural is listening to our reason as human nature

Front 14

basic human goods

Back 14

basic human good that we know are good for us bc of our nature. (we eat cereal for breakfast because we want to be healthy)

Front 15

Actual sin:

Back 15

Sin we personally choose to commit

Front 16

Original Sin:

Back 16

Sin were born with through Adam and Eve

Front 17

Social Sin:

Back 17

Sin influenced by societal impacts. (we continue to experience the effect of past sins)

Front 18

mortal sins

Back 18

sins that break our relationship with god

Front 19

Venial sins

Back 19

Sins that harm but do not break our relationship with God

Front 20

Concupiscience

Back 20

The idea that original sin still effects our live even after it has been washed away.

Front 21

Atonement:

Back 21

the action that jesus christ took that led to the salvation of mankind

Front 22

Ransom or Redemption

Back 22

Jesus paid the price to Satan to through his blood in order to free humankind

Front 23

Satisfaction or Substitutionary Atonement:

Back 23

Jesus willingly took on the punishment from God that was due to humankind for sin

Front 24

Christus Victor

Back 24

Through jesus’ resurrection, Christ overcomes sin and death.

Front 25

Grace

Back 25

Grace is a true experience of God which leads to a personal transformation

Front 26

Justification:

Back 26

The initial experience of grace when original sin is wiped away, the beginning process of salvation.

Front 27

Sanctification:

Back 27

Our growth in holiness as we struggle with our weaknesses and temptations. (work done in order to become a good disciple of god)

Front 28

Divinization

Back 28

the idea that through gods presence within us we become like god

Front 29

what is conversion

Back 29

a fundamental and joyous change of ones heart, mind and soul, a transformation of ones habits, attitudes, affections and relationships.

Front 30

why is conversation a lifelong journey

Back 30

conversion is a transformation of the whole person and to include the whole person is to include their whole life as we never stop converting.

Front 31

why doesn’t conversion necessarily mean changing religions

Back 31

because someone can be christian their whole lives and then wake up one day and decide to actually begin to truly practice it and experience conversion through that decision.

Front 32

repentance:

Back 32

to reflect on your wrongdoings as something you feel bad for doing and to seek forgiveness for those actions

Front 33

discipleship:

Back 33

bettering yourself as a person through being a follower of jesus christ

Front 34

prophetic witness:

Back 34

personal transformation that leads to confrontations with unjust systems that lead to better communities as an outcome.

Front 35

character

At the core of our being:

Back 35

our character is the center of our being and the core principle of our true selves.

Front 36

unique to each of us:

Back 36

the uniqueness of our character stems from the fact that as humans none of us are exactly the same. We vary from different skills, talents, experience, etc.

Front 37

self chosen

Back 37

our character is something we choose ourselves through judgements, decisions, our moral compass, etc.

Front 38

integral

Back 38

our character tends to be predictable even in different situations; your characters helps make sense of all of your experiences and roles; fits them together into a coherent whole.

Front 39

Four Cardinal Virtues

1.) Justice

Back 39

treating all people fairly, considering others points of views, giving to others what they are due

Front 40

2.) temperance:

Back 40

moderation in regard to pleasure and desires

Front 41

3.) fortitude:

Back 41

courage and endurance of suffering and risk-taking to attain goals.

Front 42

4.) prudence:

Back 42

good judgement, being aware of the situation and thinking through a decision wisely

Front 43

3 theological virtues

1.) Faith:

Back 43

Belief in the trinity

Front 44

2.) Hope:

Back 44

Trust in Gods promises, especially concerning eternal life

Front 45

3.) Love:

Back 45

Putting others before self, giving the self even to the point of death.

Front 46

What distinguishes a theological virtue from a cardinal virtue?

Back 46

Catholic moral theology holds that the theological virtues differ from the cardinal virtues in that they cannot be obtained by human effort, but are infused by God into a person

Front 47

conscience:

be able to explain the 5 stages of moral development

Back 47

1.) obedience to parents or other authorities

2.) conforming to the expectations of a social group

3.) self-assertion, rebellion against authority

4.) adherence to universal moral principles

5.) a mature conscience

Front 48

what are the three characteristics of a mature conscience?

1.) moral skills

Back 48

the skills needed to develop and practice virtue

Front 49

2.) moral passions:

Back 49

our ability as humans to be able to feel emotions such as compassion, empathy, humanity, etc. at appropriate times that help us understand others.

Front 50

3.) moral insights

Back 50

a cognitive process that acts as our ability to discern the moral relevance of a person, group or situation.

Front 51

the 3 meanings of conscience:

conscience as capacity

Back 51

instinctive feelings/judgements of what’s right and wrong

Front 52

conscience as process

Back 52

a process of applying logic and reasoning to attempt to determine right from wrong in certain situations.

Front 53

conscience as judgement

Back 53

a final judgement or call go action what is right vs wrong

Front 54

3 dynamics of choice

1.) expressive

Back 54

our actions are an expression of who we are

Front 55

formative

Back 55

our actions form our character and shape who we are

Front 56

effective

Back 56

our actions effect things and people around us

Front 57

What does catholic ethics mean by distinguishing the subjective and objective dimensions of human actions?

Back 57

Objective-what an outside person would obverse, the action itself

Subjective action- their intentions behind the action, what’s in the persons head (intentions, emotions, knowledge, etc.)

Front 58

What are the 3 criteria for a mortal catholic sin?

Back 58

1.) Grave (serious) matter: the idea that we can recognize some bad choices are worse than others

2.) sufficient reflection: moral knowledge, did you fully understand what you did was wrong.

3.) free consent: some conditions make us less responsible bc we are less free. (children’s being drunk, etc.)

Front 59

the key parts of making a choice

1.) observation

2.) end

3.) means

4.) side effects/consequences

Back 59

1.) observation:

2.) end: the ultimate reason for the action

3.) means: the action itself

4.) consequences: the benefits of harm of the action

Front 60

what is a moral norm?

Back 60

a rule that tells us right from wrong

Front 61

4 types of justice

1.) commutative

2.) legal/general

3.) distributive

4.) social

Back 61

1.) commutative: justice among individuals

2.) legal/general: what we owe the community

3.) distributive: what the community owes us

4.) social: responsibility to make the community better through other forms of justice