Philosophy/ethics Exam #1 Study Guide

Front 1

Ethics Studies:

Back 1

a) How people feel about life
b) How we can discern good from evil
c) How people can be more professional in their behavior
d) None of the above

Front 2

Ethics does not study:

Back 2

a) How people feel about life
b) How people may avoid sin
c) How people can be more professional in their behavior
d) All of the above

Front 3

The folders for turning in papers can be found on the CONTENT TAB

Back 3

TRUE STATEMENT

Front 4

One paper topic must be proposed by the student

Back 4

TRUE STATEMENT

Front 5

Papers must be submitted electronically

Back 5

TRUE STATEMENT

Front 6

Both PHCC and public libraries provide internet access for submitting papers.

Back 6

TRUE STATEMENT

Front 7

For Peirce, a belief comes into being in order to quiet a doubt

Back 7

TRUE STATEMENT

Front 8

The method of tenacity relies upon clinging to the first belief that quiets our doubts

Back 8

TRUE STATEMENT

Front 9

The method of authority relies upon established, accepted sources of knowledge

Back 9

TRUE STATEMENT

Front 10

The method of rationality relies upon logic and individual reasoning.

Back 10

TRUE STATEMENT

Front 11

The scientific method relies upon the pattern of hypothesis, experimentation, and conclusion

Back 11

TRUE STATEMENT

Front 12

Tenacity and authority do not require reflection on the part of the believer.

Back 12

TRUE STATEMENT

Front 13

Philosophy depends upon reason for truth, while religion depends upon revelation

Back 13

TRUE STATEMENT

Front 14

Philosophy involves definition and deduction, where science relies upon observation and induction

Back 14

TRUE STATEMENT

Front 15

Arguments are a collection of statements in which the truth value of one statement, the conclusion, is supposedly derived from the truth value of the others, the premises.

Back 15

TRUE STATEMENT

Front 16

In a deductive argument, the connection between premises and conclusion depends upon the structure of the language and the meaning of the words.

Back 16

TRUE STATEMENT

Front 17

In an inductive argument, the connection between premises and conclusion depends from evidence and probabilities

Back 17

TRUE STATEMENT

Front 18

A valid argument is a deductive argument where if the premises are true, the conclusion has to be true

Back 18

TRUE STATEMENT

Front 19

A sound argument is a valid deductive argument with actually true premises

Back 19

TRUE STATEMENT

Front 20

The argument “All narfs are poits and all poits are zorts, therefore, all narfs are zorts,” is valid but not sound.

Back 20

TRUE STATEMENT

Front 21

All scientific arguments are inductive, and so less certain than philosophical arguments, which are deductive.

Back 21

TRUE STATEMENT

Front 22

A fallacy is an argument where the conclusion's truth does not have to follow from the premises

Back 22

TRUE STATEMENT

Front 23

Informal fallacies arise from ambiguities, emotions, and irrelevancies

Back 23

TRUE STATEMENT

Front 24

The persons or other entities deemed to merit moral regard or the recognition of moral duty together with the questions deemed deserving of public moral judgment constitute the moral universe.

Back 24

TRUE STATEMENT

Front 25

Teleological and consequentialist ethics pass moral judgments on the outcomes of actions, not their intents or origins.

Back 25

TRUE STATEMENT

Front 26

The principle of utility defines “moral” as producing the greatest balance of happiness over unhappiness.

Back 26

TRUE STATEMENT

Front 27

According to utilitarianism, an action can only truly be judged once it is completed

Back 27

TRUE STATEMENT

Front 28

According to Rawls, justice has two components: the equality principle and the difference principle

Back 28

TRUE STATEMENT

Front 29

In the phrase “natural law,” “natural” refers to derived from essence, or nature, thus immoral doesn’t mean “unnatural,” but rather “betrayal of essential nature.”

Back 29

TRUE STATEMENT

Front 30

Libertarianism holds that morality consists of protecting individual freedoms at any reasonable cost

Back 30

TRUE STATEMENT

Front 31

The three formulations of Kant’s “categorical imperative” help us to recognize the only thing good in and of itself: a good will.

Back 31

TRUE STATEMENT

Front 32

Eudaimonia is defined by total well-being, complete self-realization, and intellectual contemplation.

Back 32

TRUE STATEMENT

Front 33

Aristotle’s principle of the “golden mean” means to create a virtuous person through self-knowledge and moderation.

Back 33

TRUE STATEMENT

Front 34

The contract theory of rights explains that rights come from agreeing to a contract and that only those who are parties to the contract have rights.

Back 34

TRUE STATEMENT

Front 35

The ethics of care rejects abstract reasoning founded on impartiality for the claims of particular others and our actual relationships with them.

Back 35

TRUE STATEMENT

Front 36

“Better Socrates dissatisfied than a pig satisfied” means that the pleasures unique to humans are superior to those shared with other animals

Back 36

TRUE STATEMENT

Front 37

Utilitarianism, ethics of care and virtue theory are concerned with individuals and cannot easily be generalized

Back 37

TRUE STATEMENT

Front 38

Natural law, contract theory, libertarianism, the categorical imperative, and Rawls’ theory of justice are concerned with all members of the moral universe, and do not permit exception.

Back 38

TRUE STATEMENT

Front 39

Egoism is not a useful moral principle as it is logically inconsistent, since it cannot be to one individual's advantage that all others should pursue their own advantage, but that is what egoism seems to require.

Back 39

TRUE STATEMENT

Front 40

Cultural relativism is not a useful moral principle as it is logically inconsistent in that it states that tolerance across other cultures is possible and right, while denying that other moral judgments across cultures are possible and right.

Back 40

TRUE STATEMENT

Front 41

Pluralism suggests that more than one route to universal truth is possible, where as relativism takes universal truth to be impossible.

Back 41

TRUE STATEMENT