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64 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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transportation, regulation and protection
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General functions of blood
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nutrients, waste products, gases and hormones
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Transportation of Materials in blood
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provided by WBCs and blood clotting mechanism
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Protection provided by blood
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4-6 liters
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Amount of blood
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arterial blood - bright red
venous blood - dull, dusky red |
Color of Blood
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7.35 - 7.45
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pH of blood
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3-5 times thicker than water
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Viscosity of blood
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the liquid part of blood, approximately 91% water
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Plasma
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clotting factors formed by the liver and circulate until activated to form a clot in a ruptured or damaged blood vessel
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Prothrombin, Fibrinogen and others
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the most abundant plasma protein; contributes to colloid osmotic pressure of blood
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Albumin
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synthesized by the liver, act as carriers for molecules such as fats
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Alpha and Beta globulins
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antibodies produced by lymphocytes
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Gamma globulins
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produced from stem cells in hemopoietic tissue
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Blood cells
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found in organs such as the spleen, nodes and thymus
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Lymphatic tissue
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their nuclei degenerate as these cells mature and are not needed for normal functioning
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RBCs
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the rate of production of these cells can reach as many as several million per second
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RBCs
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hormone produced by the kidneys that occurs if the body is in a state of hypoxia; stimulates RBC production
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Erythropoietin
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RBCs
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Erythrocytes
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nutrients important to red blood cells
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iron, copper and B12
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the lifespan of RBCs
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120 days
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RBCs are removed from circulation by this system
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Tissue microphage system
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"big eaters" contained in the liver, spleen and red bone marrow
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Macrophage
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a deficiency of RBCs or insufficient hemoglobin within RBCs
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Anemia
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caused by lack of dietary iron
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Iron -deficient anemia
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a deficiency of B12
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Pernicious anemia
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a genetic disorder which causes RBCs to clog capillaries and rupture
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Sickle-cell anemia
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suppression of red bone marrow with decreased production of RBCs
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Aplastic anemia
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any disorder that causes the rupture of RBCs before the end of their normal life span
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Hemolytic anemia
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heme is converted into this waste product by macrophages and excretes into bile
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Bilirubin
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ABO group
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A, B, AB, and O
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accumulation of excessive bilirubin in the blood
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jaundice
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jaundice as a sign of liver disease
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Hepatic jaundice
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the problem with hemolysis occurs before the liver
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Prehepatic jaundice or Hemolytic jaundice
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the problem with hemolysis occurs after the liver
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Posthepatic jaundice or Obstructive jaundice
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Rh disease of the newborn as a result of an Rh incompatibility between mother and fetus
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Erythroblastosis Fetalis
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WBCs are also called
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Leukocytes
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there are five different types of these cells; all are larger than RBCs
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WBCs
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4.5 - 6.0 million per microliter
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RBCs
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12 - 18 grams/100 mL
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Hemoglobin
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38% - 48%
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Hematocrit
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5,000 - 10,000 per microliter
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WBCs
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150,000 - 300,000 per microliter
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Platelets
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the granular leukocytes
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Neutrophils, Eosinophils, and Basophils
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a high WBC count, indicative of infection
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Leukocytosis
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a low WBC count, which may be present in the early stages of diseases such as TB
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Leukopenia
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a malignancy of leukocyte-forming tissue
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Leukemia
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These fragments of cells are formally called
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Thrombocytes
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a hormone produced by the liver that increases the rate of platelet production
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Thrombopoietin
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a low platelet count is called
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Thrombocytopenia
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when a large vessel is severed, the smooth muscle contracts in response to the damage
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Vascular spasm
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the rough surface causes platelets to change shape and become sticky
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Platelet plugs
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rough surface in a vessel or break in a vessel, the more damage, that faster the clotting
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Chemical clotting
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Vitamin necessary for the liver to synthesize prothrombin and other clotting factors (7, 9, and 10)
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K
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Type of tissue that prevents clots from occurring in the absence of ruptures
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Endothelium (simple squamous epithelial lining
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natural anticoagulant produced by the basophils
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Heparin
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a clot is called a...
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Thrombus
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a moving clot is called
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Embolism
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substance that can dissolve clots in arteries
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Streptokinase
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is split to form the mesh of a blood clot
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Fibrinogen
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an immature neutrophil
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Band cell
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Last Immature RBC stage
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reticulocyte
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Red bone marrow cell that becomes platelets
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Megakaryocyte
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last immature stage of RBCs
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Normoblasts
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least numerous WBCs
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Basophils
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