Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
99 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Anatomy (uh-NAT-uh-mee)
|
The study of the structure of teh body and the relationships among the parts
|
|
Tissue
|
a group of cells with similar structure and function
|
|
Homeostasis (HOH-me-oh-STAY-sis)
|
The state in which teh internal environment of the body remains relatively stable by responding appropriately to changes
|
|
Inorganic Chemicals
|
A chemical compound that does not contain carbon-hydrogen covalent bonds; includes water, salts, and oxygen
|
|
Meninges (me-NIN-jeez)
|
The connective tissue membranes that line the dorsal cavity and cover the brain and spinal chord
|
|
Negative Feedback
|
A control system in which a stimulus initiates a response that reverses or reduces the stimulus, thereby stopping the response until the stimulus occurs again and there is a need for the response
|
|
Organ
|
a structure with specific functions; made of two or more tissues
|
|
Organic Chemicals
|
a chemical compound that contains carbon-hydrogen covalent bonds; includes carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nuclein acids
|
|
Pathophysiology (PATH-oh-FIZZ-ee-AH-luh-jee)
|
The study of diseases as they are realated to functioning
|
|
Pericardial membranes (PER-ee-KAR-de-uhl MEM-brayns)
|
the three membranes that enclose the heart, conssisting of an outer fibrous layer and two serous layers
|
|
Peritoneum/Mesentery (PER-i-toh-NEE-um/MEZ-en-TER-ee)
|
the serous membrane that lines the abdominal cavity
|
|
Physiology (FIZZ-ee-AH-luh-jee)
|
the study of the functioning of the body and its parts
|
|
Plane
|
an imaginary flat surface that divides the body in a specific way
|
|
Pleural membranes (PLOOR-uhl MEM-brayns)
|
the serous membranes o fthe thoracic cavity
|
|
Section
|
the cutting of an organ or teh body to make internal structures
|
|
Amino Acid
|
An organic compound that contains an amine group and a carboxyl group. 20 amino acids make a protein
|
|
Buffer System
|
A pair of chemicals that prevents significant changes in the pH of a body fluid
|
|
Carbohydrates
|
An organic compound that contains carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen; includes sugars, starches, and cellulose
|
|
Catalyst
|
A chemical that affects the speed of a chemical reation
|
|
Cell Respiration
|
A cellular process in which the energy of nutrients is released in the form of ATP and heat. Oxygen is required and carbon dioxide and water are produced
|
|
Hypoxia (high-POCK-see-ah)
|
A deficiency or lack of oxygen
|
|
Dissociation/Ionization
|
The separation of an inorganic salt, acid, or base into its ions when dissolved in water
|
|
Enzyme
|
A protein that affects the speed of a chemical reaction. Also called an organic catalyst
|
|
Extracellular Fluid
|
The water found outside cells; includes plasma, tissue fluid, lymph etc.
|
|
Atherosclerosis (ATH-er-oh-skle-ROH-sis)
|
The abnormal accumulation of lipids and other materials in the walls of arteries; narrows the lumen of the vessel and may stimulate abnormal clot formation
|
|
Lipid
|
An organic chemical insoluble in water; includes true fats, phospholipids, and steroids
|
|
Nucleic Acid
|
An organic chemical that is made of nucleotide subunits. Examples are DNA and RNA
|
|
Acidocis
|
The condition in which the pH of the blood falls below 7.35
|
|
Pinocytosis
|
The process by which a stationary cell ingests very small particles or a liquid
|
|
Chromosomes
|
Structures made of DNA and portein within the nucleus of a cell. Humans have 46 chromosomes
|
|
Cytoplasm
|
The cellular material between the nucleus and the cell membrane
|
|
Diffusion
|
The process in which there is movement of molecules from an area of greater concentration to an area of lesser concentration
|
|
Diploid Number
|
The characteristic or usual number of chromosomes
|
|
Filtration
|
The process in which water and dissolved materials move through a membrane from an area of higher pressure to an area of lower pressure
|
|
Gamates
|
The male or female reproductive cells, sperm cells or ova, each with the haploid number of chromosomes
|
|
Haploid Number
|
Half the usual number of chromosomes found in a species
|
|
Meiosis
|
The process of cell division in which one cell with the diploid number of chromosomes divides twice to form four cells, each with teh haploid number of chromosomes
|
|
Mocrovilli (MY-kro-VILL-eye)
|
Folds of the cell membrane on teh free surface of an epithelial cell; increase teh surface area for absorption
|
|
Mitochondria
|
The cell organelles in which aerobic cell respiration takes place and ATP is produced
|
|
Mitosis
|
The process of cell division in which one cell with teh diploid number of chromosomes divides once to form two identical cells, each with the diploid number of chromosomes
|
|
Organelles
|
An intracellular structure that has a specific function
|
|
Osmosis
|
The diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane
|
|
Cell (plasma) Membrane
|
The membrane made of phospholipids, protein, and cholesterol that forms the outer boundary of a cells and regulates passage of materials into and out of the cell
|
|
Phagocytosis
|
The process by which a moving cell engules a particle; especially, the ingestion of microorganisms by white blood cells
|
|
Carcinogen
|
A substance that increases the risk of developing cancer
|
|
Chemotherapy
|
The use of chemicals to treat disease
|
|
Malignant
|
Tending to spread and become worse
|
|
Metastasis
|
The spread of disease form one part of the body to another
|
|
Cartilage
|
A connective tissue made of chondrocytes in a protein matrix; is firm yet flexible
|
|
Chondrocyte
|
A cartilage cell
|
|
Collagen
|
A protein that is found in the form of strong fibers in many types of connective tissue
|
|
Connective Tissue
|
Any of the tissues that connects, supports, transports, or stores materials. Consists of cells and matrix
|
|
Elastin
|
A protein that is found in the form of elastic fibers in several types of connective tissue
|
|
Endocrine Gland
|
A ductless gland that secretes its product directly into the blood
|
|
Exocrine Gland
|
A gland that secretes its product into a duct to be taken to a cavity or surface
|
|
Epithelial Tissue
|
The tissue foudn on external and internal body sufaces and which forms glands
|
|
Hemopoietic
|
A blood-forming tissue; the red bone marrow and lymphatic tissue
|
|
Matrix
|
The non-livng intercellular material that is part of connective tissues
|
|
Mucous Membrane
|
The epithelial lining of a body tract that opens to the environment
|
|
Myocardium
|
The cardiac muscle tissue that forms the walls of the chambers of the heart
|
|
Nerve Tissue
|
The tissue specialized to generate and transmit electrochemical impulses that have many functions in the maintenance of homeostasis
|
|
Neuron
|
A nerve cell; consists of a cell body, an axon, and dendrites
|
|
Neurotransmitter
|
A chemical released by the axon of a neuron, which crosses a synapse and affects the electrical activity of the postysnaptic membrane
|
|
Osteocyte
|
A bone cell
|
|
Plasma
|
The water foudn within the blood vessels
|
|
Secretion
|
The production and release of a cellular product with a useful purpose
|
|
Serous Memebrane
|
An epithelial membrane that lines a closed body cavity and covers teh organs in that cavity
|
|
Synapse
|
The space between the axon of one neouron and the cell body or dendrite of the next neuron or between the end of a motor neuron and an effector cell
|
|
Arterioles (ar-TEER-ee-ohls)
|
A small artery
|
|
Ceruminous Gland (suh-ROO-mi-nus Gland)
|
An exocrine gland in the dermis of the ear canal that secreates cerumen (ear wax)
|
|
Dermis
|
The inner layer of the skin, made of fibrous connective tissue
|
|
Eccrine Sweat Gland
|
The type of sweat gland (exocrine) that produces watery sweat
|
|
Epidermis
|
The outer layer of the skin, made of stratified squamou epithelium
|
|
Keratin
|
A protein produced by epidermal cells, foudn in teh epidermis, hair, and nails
|
|
Melanin
|
A protein pigment produced by melanocytes. Absorbes ultraviolet light; give color to teh skin, hair, iris, and choroid layer of teh eye
|
|
Melanocyte
|
A cell in the lower epidermis that synthesizes the pigment melanin
|
|
Papillary layer
|
The uppermost layer of the dermis; contains capillaries to nourish the epidermis
|
|
Receptors
|
An arrangement of molecules, often part of teh cell membrane, that will accept only molecules with a complememntary shape
|
|
Sebaceous Gland (suh-BAY-shus GLAND)
|
An exocrine gland in the dermis that produces sebum (Natural oil in the skin that lubricates and protects)
|
|
Stratum Corneum
|
The outermost layer of the epidermis, amde of layers of dead, keratinzed cells
|
|
Stratum Germinativum (JER-min-ah-TEE-vum)
|
The innermost layer of the epidermis; the cells undergo mitosis to produce new epidermis
|
|
Subcutaneous Tissue (SUB-kew-TAY-nee-us)
|
Below the skin; the tissues between the dermis and muscles
|
|
Vasoconstriction (VAY-zoh-kon-STRIK-shun)1
|
A decrease in the diameter of a blood vesel cause by relaxation of the smooth muscle in the wall of the vessel
|
|
Vasodilation
|
Opposite of Vasoconstriction
|
|
Alopecia (AL-oh-PEE-she-ah)
|
Loss of hair, especially that of the scalp
|
|
Biopsy
|
Removal of a small piece of living tissue for microscopic examination; a diagnostic procedure
|
|
Carcinoma (KAR-sin-OH-mah)
|
A malignant tumor of epithelial tissue
|
|
Circulatory Shock
|
The condition in which decreased cardiac output deprives all tisue of oxygen and permits the accumulation of waste products
|
|
Contusion (kon-TOO-zhun)q
|
A bruise
|
|
Decubitus Ulcer (dee-KWN-bi-tuss UL-ser)
|
The breakdown and death of skin tissue due to prolonged pressure that interrupts blood flow to the area
|
|
Vesicles
|
A small sac or cyst, especially one containing fluid
|
|
Dermatoloty
|
The study of skin and its skin diseases
|
|
Eczema
|
An inflammatory condition of the skin that may include the formation of vesicles or pustules
|
|
Histamine
|
An inflamatory chemical released by damaged tissues; stimulates increased capillary permeability and vaodilation
|
|
Pustules (pus-CHOOLs)
|
inflamed lesions that look like pink bumps
|
|
Inflamation
|
The reactions of tissue to injury
|
|
Melanoma
|
Malignant pigmented mole or nevus
|
|
Nevus
|
A pigmented area of the skin (mole)
|
|
Pruritus (proo-RYE-tus)
|
Severe itching
|