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48 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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begins at the mouth and ends at the anus, includes the stomach and intestines
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alimentary tube
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includes the teeth, tongue, liver, gallbladder and pancreas, no digestion takes place here
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accessory organs
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food is changed to simpler molecules, by specific enzymes
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chemical digestion
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food is broken down to create more surface area for enzymes
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mechanical digestion
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fats are digested into
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fatty acids and glycerol
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proteins are digested into
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amino acids
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carbohydrates are digested into
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monosaccharides
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first set of teeth, 20
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deciduous
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forms the roots of a tooth, and the interior of the crown
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dentin
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salivary glands
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parotid, submandibular, sublingual
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the swallowing reflex is located in the
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medulla
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converts starch to maltose in the mouth
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salivary amylase
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converts proteins to polypeptides
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pepsin
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converts pepsinogen to pepsin; maintains pH 1-2; destroys pathogens in the stomach
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HCl
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emulsifies fats in the stomach
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bile salts (liver)
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converts starch to maltose in the small intestine
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pancreatic amylase
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converts polypeptides to peptides in the small intestines
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pancreatic trypsin
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converts emulsified fats to fatty acids and glycerol (SI)
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Lipase (Pancreas)
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convert peptides to amino acids (SI)
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peptidases (SI)
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converts sucrose to glucose ad fructose (SI)
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Sucrase (SI)
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converts maltose to glucose (2) (SI)
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maltase (SI)
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converts lactose to glucose and galactose (SI)
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lactase (SI)
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secrete pepsinogen, an inactive form of pepsin
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chief cells
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secretes HCl
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parietal cell
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secrets gastrin when food enters the stomach
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G cells
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the folds of the gastric mucosa present when the stomach is empty
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rugae
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stimulates the secretion of more gastric juice
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gastrin
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made up of liver cells
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liver lobule
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large capillaries in the liver
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sinusoids
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bile leaves the liver through
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hepatic duct
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stimulates the production of bile by the liver
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secretin
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stimulates contraction of the gallbladder
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cholecystoknin
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nerve fibers and network of alimentary tube
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enteric nervous system
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large folds of the mucosa and submucosa
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plica circulares
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the three parts of the of the small intestine, in order
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duodenum, jejunum, and ilium
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the coloin is composed of the
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cecum, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum
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the process by which the non-essential amino acids are synthesized
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transamination
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the process in which a fatty acid molecule is converted into a two-carbon molecules
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beta-oxidation
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helps to maintain blood volume
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albumin
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the macrophages in the liver that phagocytize pathogens
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Kupffer cells
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prevents backflow from SI to stomach
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ileocecal valve
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prevents backup of intestinal contents
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pyloric sphincter
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takes bile and pancreatic juice to the duodenum
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common bile duct
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erosions of the duodenal wall caused by the gastric juice that enters from the stomach
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duodenal ulcers
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the cessation of contraction of the smooth muscle layer of the intestine
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paralytic ileus
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the inability to digest lactose
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lactose intolerance
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small outpouchings through weakened areas of the intestinal wall
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diverticula
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the perforation of the stomach wall, with leakage of gastric contents into the abdominal cavity
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peritonitis
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