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123 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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cecum
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the first part of the large intestine, a dilated pouch
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anorexia nervosa
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lack or loss of appetite for food; a psychophysiologic condition characterized by symptoms of undernutrition
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borborygmus
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audible abdominal sound produced by hyperactive intestinal peristalsis; they are rumbling, gurgling, and tinkling noises heard when listening to a stethoscope
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botulism
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an extremely severe type of food poisoning caused by a neurotoxin (botulinum) produced by Clostridium botulinum in improperly canned or preserved foods; can be fatal
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celiac disease
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damage to the lining of the small intestine caused by t he inability to digest gluten found in wheat, resulting in malabsorption of nutrients and malnutrition, if untreated
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cholelithiasis
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gallstones; hardened cholesterol stones formed from bile crystallization
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cirrhosis
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interstitial inflammation of an organ, particularly the liver; loss of normal architecture, with fibrosis and nodular regeneration
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dysentery
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inflammation of the intestine, especially the colon, with abdominal pain, diarrhea, and blood and mucus in stools; most commonly associated with bacterial or parasitic infection
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emaciation
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excessive leanness caused by disease or lack of nutrition
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emesis
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material expelled from the stomach during vomiting; vomitus
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esophageal atresia
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congenital absence of t he opening between esophagus and stomach
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gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
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flow of gastric acid contents back up into the esophagus causing heartburn and if chronic, esophagitis
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Hirschsprung's disease
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congenital mega colon resulting from absence of autonomic ganglia in a segment of smooth muscle that normally stimulates peristalsis
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irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) or spastic colon
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increased motility of the small or large intestine causing nauseas, pain, anorexia, and trapping of gas throughout the intestinal tract
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melena
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abnormal, black, tarry stool containing digested blood
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nausea and vomiting (N&V)
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common symptoms in many GI disorders
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obesity
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body mass index greater then 30 using the formula: weight (kg)/height squared
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oral leukoplakia
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precancerous lesion in the mouth
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Phenylketonuria
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A congenital inability to metabolize phenylalanine, a component of protein; may lead to retardation (PKU)
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Polyposis
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The formation of numerous polyps (growth hanging from a thin stalk)
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Pyloric stenosis
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An obstruction of the pyloric orifice of the stomach, congenital or acquired
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Sialolith
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Salivary duct stone
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Anastomosis
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Surgical formation of a connection between two parts; ilerorectal anastomosis connects the ileum and rectum after removal of the colon
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Cheiloplasty
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Surgical repair of a lip defect
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Cholecystectomy
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Excision of the gallbladder
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Choledochoducdenostomy
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Surgical formation of an opening into the duodenum that connects it with the common bile duct
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Herniorrhaphy
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Surgical repair of a hernia
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Vagotomy
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Cutting the vagus nerve to reduce stomach stimulation, used to treat an ulcer
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Barium swallow
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Also called upper GI series; the oral administration of a radiopaque contrast medium to view the esophagus by x-Ray, while swallowing, to detect abnormalities
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Blood tests or laboratory tests
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Chemical analyses of various substances in the blood to make diagnosis
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Cholangiography
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X-Ray examination of the bile ducts, using a radiopaque dye as a contrast medium
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Colonoscopy
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Endoscopic examination of the colon, either transabdominally during laparotomy or transanally by means of a colonoscope
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Digital examination
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Insertion of the gloved finger into the rectum or vagina
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Esophagogastroduodenoscopy
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(EGD) using endoscopes to examine esophagus, stomach, and duodenum
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Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy
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(ESWL) one treatment option for gallstones, using ultrasound to send shock waves to break down the gallstones, allowing bladder contractions to remove the stones
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Fluoroscopy
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Radiological technique to examine the function of the organ
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Parietal pleura
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The serous membrane that lines the thoracic cavity
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Visceral pleura
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Membrane that covers the lungs; this membrane and the parietal membrane are close together; between them is a thin film of lubricating fluid that prevents friction when they slide against each other
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Alveolus
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A small saclike dilation of the alveolar ducts
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Abscess (lung)
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A localized collection of pus in a cavity by the disintegration of tissues
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Anthoracosis
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The cumulation of carbon deposits in the long due to breathing smoke where coal dust, also known as Black lung disease
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ARDS
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Adult (acute) Respiratory distress syndrome
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Asbestosis
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Lung disease caused by inhaling asbestos particles; associated with development of mesothelioma, a type of lung cancer
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Asphyxiation
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Suffocation
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Asthma
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Spasm and narrowing of bronchi, leading to bronchial airway obstruction
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Atelectasis
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Incomplete expansion of the lungs at birth, or collapse of the adult lung
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Bradypnea
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Abnormally slow breathing
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Bronchiectasis
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Chronic dilation of one or more bronchi
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Bronchitis
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Inflammation of one or more bronchi
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Byssinosis
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Lung disease resulting from inhaling cotton, flax, or hemp, also known as brown lung disease
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Coccidioidomycosis
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A respiratory infection caused by spore inhalation of Coccidioides immitis, varying in severity from that of a common cold to symptoms resembling those of influenza; also called valley fever
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COPD
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Chronic obstructive pulmonary lung disease, especially emphysema, chronic bronchitis, and asthma
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Cor pulmonale
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Heart failure from pulmonary disease
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Coryza
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Profuse discharge from the mucous membrane of the nose; the common cold
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Croup
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A childhood disease with symptoms including a barking cough, difficulty breathing, stridor, and spasm of the laryngx
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Deviated septum
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Defect in the wall between the nostrils that can cause partial or complete obstruction
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Diphtheria
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An acute bacterial infection merely affecting the membranes of the nose, throat, for larynx accompanied by fever and pain
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Effusion
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Escape of a fluid; exudation or transudation
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Emphysema
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A pathologic accumulation of air in tissues or organs
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Epistaxis
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Hemorrhage from the nose; nose bleed
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Expectoration
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The act of spitting out saliva or coughing up material from the lungs
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Fibrosis
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Formation of fibrous or scar tissue in lungs usually caused by a previous infections
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Flail chest
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Chest walls move paradoxically with respiration as a result of multiple fractures of the ribs
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Hayfever
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A hypersensitive state, allergy to pollen
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Hemothorax
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Blood in the pleural thoracic cavity
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Histoplasmosis
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Fungal infection of the lungs, may be symptomatic or asymptomatic, resembling tuberculosis
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Hyaline
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Glossy, translucent
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Hyaline membrane disease
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Lack of surfactant causing by a layer of hyaline material lining the alveoli, alveolar ducts, and bronchioles; leading cause of neonatal death
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Influenza
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In acute viral infection of the respiratory track; serious for the very young and old
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Lung abscess
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Pus formed by the destruction of lung tissue and micro organisms by white blood cells that have gone to a localized area to fight infection
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Orthopnea
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A clinical condition where the person can only breathe normally and without discomfort an erect sitting or standing position
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Pertussis
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whooping cough
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Pleural effusion
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Accumulation of fluid in the plural space, which compresses the underlying portion of the long, resulting in dyspnea
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Pleurisy
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Inflammation of the pleura
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Pneumoconiosis
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Any lung disease, example: anthracosis, silicosis, caused by permanent position of substantial amounts of particulate matter in the lungs
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Pneumothorax
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A collection of gas or air in the plural cavity, resulting from a perforation through the chest wall for the visceral pleura
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Rhinitis rhinorrhea
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Inflammation of the nasal membrane; runny nose
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SIDS
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Sudden infant death syndrome, or crib death; cause unknown; associated failure of synapse the nerves to activate the diaphragm
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Silicosis
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a lung disorder caused by inhalation of silica dust, resulting in the formation of small nodules
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Tuberculosis
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(TB) and infectious disease, marked by tubercles and caseous necrosis and tissues of the lung
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URI
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Upper respiratory infection, general term for a cold or flu
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Valley fever
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Coccidioidomycosis
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Anoxia
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Without oxygen
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Apnea
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Temporary cessation of breathing; asphyxia
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Bifurcation
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A division into two branches, example bronchi
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Broncodilator
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An agent capable of dilating the bronchi
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Cheyne-Stokes
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Breathing characterized by waxing and waning of the depth of respiration: the patient breathes deeply a short time and then breathes slightly or stops all together; the cycle repeats
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Consolidation
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Solidification of lung tissue, as in pneumonia
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CPR
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Cardio pulmonary resuscitation; artificial means of providing circulation and breathing during cardiac and respiratory arrest
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Cyanosis
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A bluish discoloration of skin and mucous membranes caused by insufficient oxygen in the blood
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Dysphonia
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Voice impairment; difficulty in speaking
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Dyspnea
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Labored or difficult breathing
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Expectorant
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An agent that promotes expectoration, loosening of secretions
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Hemoptysis
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The spitting up blood or blood-stained sputum, from the lungs
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Hypercapnia
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In excess of carbon dioxide in the blood
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Hypoxia
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Insufficient oxygen
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IPPB
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Intermittent positive pressure breathing, used as treatment with ventilation
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Kussmaul breathing
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Casting, labored breathing; also called air hunger
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Laryngectomy
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Excision of the larynx
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Laryngoscopy
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Visual examination of the interior of larynx with an instrument called a laryngoscope
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Lavage of sinuses
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The irrigation or washing out of sinuses
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Lobectomy
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Excision of a lobe of the lung
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Mantoux test
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Tuberculosis skin test
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Oximetry
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Measurement of the oxygen saturation of arterial blood
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Palpation
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Application of hands and fingers to external services to detect abnormalities
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Parenchyma
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(Lung) The sensual elements for working parts of an organ, example alveoli in the lung
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Peak exploration flow rate
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Measurement of how fast a person can exhale using a small handheld device to monitor treatment and asthma or COPD
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Percussion and auscultation
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Striking the body with short, sharp blows of the fingers, and listening through a stethoscope for the sounds produced; technique used by practitioners
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Perfusion
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The passage of a fluid through the vessels of a specific organ to supply nutrients and oxygen
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Postural drainage
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Drainage by placing the patient's head downward so that the trachea will be inclined below the affected area and the secretions mobilize
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PPD
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Purified protein derivative (TB test)
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Rales, rhonchi
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An abnormal respiratory sound heard on osculation, indicating some pathologic condition
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Rarefaction
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Condition of being less dense, example decreased density in x-ray films
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Residual air
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Air remaining or left behind after expiration
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Respirator
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Ventilator, A device for giving artificial respiration or to assist in pulmonary ventilation
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Rhinoplasty
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Plastic surgery of the nose
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Scan (Lung, pleura)
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It image or a picture produced using radioactive isotopes
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SMR
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Submucous resection, excision of a portion of the submucous membrane of the nose to correct a defect
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SOB
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Shortness of breath
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Spirometer
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Instrument for measuring air taken into an expelled from the lungs; spirometry is the measurement of lung capacity
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Sputum
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Matter ejected from the trachea, bronchi, and lungs through the mouth
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Tine test
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TB test
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Tracheostomy
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Creation of an opening into the trachea through the neck, example insertion of a tube to facilitate ventilation
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