Essc #1

Front 1

Scientific Method

Back 1

a systematic approach to problem solving

Front 2

Hypothesis

Back 2

a testable prediction

Front 3

Formatting a Hypothesis

Back 3

If, then
If independent variable is related to the depedent variable, then a prediction can be made

Front 4

Variables

Back 4

Independent-doesn't depend on anything else
Dependent-depends on other things
Control-does not contain the variable

Front 5

Table

Back 5

variable names
units
titles

Front 6

Graphs

Back 6

variables names
units
title
key
lots of space used

Front 7

Drawings

Back 7

variable names
units
title
capital labels
detail

Front 8

Conclusion

Back 8

discuss data, purpose, hypothesis, errors, and room for improvement

Front 9

Theory

Back 9

well tested explanation of a large variety of observations

Front 10

Law

Back 10

scientific thoery that is well-tested and widely accepted as true

Front 11

Rotation

Back 11

spinning around an axis causing day and night

Front 12

Revolution

Back 12

movement of an object around another object causing Earth's year

Front 13

Kinds of Satellites

Back 13

Natural and Artificial

Front 14

Low-orbits

Back 14

make several orbits each day

Front 15

Geosynchronous

Back 15

orbit at the same speed as the earth so they always stay in the same spot

Front 16

Moon

Back 16

doesn't have it's own light
orbits every 28 days--same as earth

Front 17

Phases of the Moon

Back 17

Waxing-getting larger
Waning-getting smaller

Front 18

Why do we only see one side of the moon

Back 18

revolves and rotates at the same speed of the Earth

Front 19

Lunar Eclipse

Back 19

during a full moon the moon is in earth's shadow

Front 20

Solar Eclipse

Back 20

during a new moon, the moon is between the sun and the earth

Front 21

Umbra

Back 21

darkest part of the moons shadow

Front 22

Penumbra

Back 22

lightest part of the moons shadow

Front 23

Maria

Back 23

seas of basaltic lave

Front 24

Highlands

Back 24

craters that we can see because there is no erosion

Front 25

Moon Facts

Back 25

1/6 gravity
no atmosphere
no erosion
no oil
no plants
frozen water at poles

Front 26

Origin of the Moon

Back 26

a large object crashes into earth, breaking a piece of it off which started to orbit the Earth

Front 27

Parts of the Sun

Back 27

Interior
Photosphere
Chromosphere
Corona

Front 28

Photopshere

Back 28

light part of the sun

Front 29

Chromosphere

Back 29

red rim of hot gases

Front 30

Corona

Back 30

outer rim of the sun

Front 31

Sunspots

Back 31

dark, cooler, magnetic regions on the surface of the sun
cyclic-11yrs

Front 32

Solar Flares

Back 32

brief outbursts that cause solar winds to intensify and we see auroras

Front 33

Prominence

Back 33

cloud-like structures made of gases on the sun

Front 34

Interior

Back 34

nuclear fusion happens when hydrogen becomes helium producing light and heat energy

Front 35

Mineral

Back 35

a solid, naturally occuring in organic substance composed of an element or compound with a fixed chemical composition

Front 36

Abundant elements and the group they make up

Back 36

Si and O; silicates

Front 37

Mineral Uses

Back 37

Halite-salt
Gypsum-plaster
Talc-talcum powder
Pyrite-batteries

Front 38

Rocks

Back 38

aggregates of one or more minerals

Front 39

Rock Cycle

Back 39

process by which each rock type is formed

Front 40

Igneous

Back 40

-cool slowly or quickly to develop a fine or course texture
-classified according to texture and composition

Front 41

Types of Igneous we've seen

Back 41

granite, basalt, obsidian, pumice

Front 42

Bowen's reaction Series

Back 42

indicates minerals which crystallize first, second, third, etc. according to temperature

Front 43

Sedimentary

Back 43

originate from weathered material, detrial, or clastic, or chemical

Front 44

Limestone

Back 44

Sedimentary
Fizzes because it's mainly made of calcite

Front 45

How sedimentary is formed and some features

Back 45

by deposition, then compaction, then cementation until lithified; ripples, animals, mudcracks, cross-bedding

Front 46

Metamorphic

Back 46

-heat, pressure, and fluids
-had to have a parent rock
-foliated (layers) or non-foliated

Front 47

Weathering

Back 47

physical breakdown and chemical alteration of rocks

Front 48

Kinds of Weathering

Back 48

Mechanical-breaks into smaller pieces
Chemical-acid rain, oxygen

Front 49

Erosion

Back 49

physical removal of material by mobile agents

Front 50

Soil

Back 50

combination of mineral and organic matter, water, and air

Front 51

Humus

Back 51

organic matter in soil from the decomposition of plants and animals. retains water well

Front 52

Composition of soil

Back 52

Half humus and mineral matter
half pore space for air and water

Front 53

Loam

Back 53

type of soil texture where neither sand, silt, or clay is dominant. Best for plants

Front 54

Why is soil structure and texture important?

Back 54

ability to be cultivated and suseptibility to erosion

Front 55

Factors that affect soil formation

Back 55

parent material
time
animals
plants
climate
slope

Front 56

Soil Profiles

Back 56

the vertical sections through soil

Front 57

Mass Wasting

Back 57

the work of gravity on the earth
landslides, slump, and creep

Front 58

How do you identify a mineral?

Back 58

Quantitative and Qulaitative evidence

Front 59

Crystal form

Back 59

external expression of a mineral's internal orderly arrangement of atoms

Front 60

Streak

Back 60

color of the mineral in it's powdered form

Front 61

Mohs Hardness Scale

Back 61

classify minerals based on their hardness 1-10

Front 62

Specific Gravity

Back 62

compares the weight of a mineral to the weight of an equal volume of water

Front 63

Density

Back 63

how much mass per volume