Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Great BBQ |
Disposition era of getting rid of land >through grants & Homestead Act >Myths- endless bounty full, rights to public lands, resource dependent communities > influenced how ppl saw public land |
|
|
Ecocentric |
Nature centered based on ethics and Opposition to human-centered |
|
|
Ecoterrorism |
Radical |
|
|
Acquisition Era
|
Purchasing land from foreign powers and through treaties from Indian Tribes >Federal reserved mineral interests along with checkerboard ownership >lead to Disposition Era > Statehood land grants |
|
|
Deposition Era |
checkerboard pattern of ordering & surveying public land. >lead to Land Ordinance of 1785 >don't follow ecological boundaries >best lands went to private ownership leaving the rest of the land historically less productive >revenue for Fed Govt >incentive for developing the West |
|
|
Organic Act |
agency was created with a specific purpose making the agency stronger because the goals are straight forward > ex: National Park Service |
|
|
Natural Resource Regimes |
>Resource Dilemmas >Ideas & Ideology >Actors With Interests >Governance Institutions >>Mgmt Decisions & Environmental Behavior >>Consequences |
|
|
Resources Dilemmas |
>Public Goods
>Inter-generational Goods >Common-pool Resources >Equity considerations |
|
|
Lords of Yesterday |
Collection of 19th century foundation laws & ideas that lead to how our landscape looks in the West >what is protected over what is not some of the laws are still in effect |
|
|
Checkerboard Pattern |
square townships of 36 identical numbered sections > legacy still seen in public lands today |
|
|
Statehood Grants |
Congress gave each state a certain amount of land & revenue from Fed sales >each grant had specific terms for public land use >"in-place">> for public schools >"quantity grants">>for revenue generation >existing private land ownership was protected |
|
|
Railroad Grants |
>late 1800s >granted odd number sections of the right-of-way >Establishes the checkerboard pattern of alternating Federal and non Federalownership >Huge influence over Western development of AG market, tourism, |
|
|
Grants to Settlers |
debate between revenue & agrarian ideal (rural, farming life valued more over urban [paid worker) >gave land to squatters & Homestead Act that gave public land for free >issues of incomplete land surveying & fencing off public land for grazing >better land was in private hands while less desirable land remained public |
|
|
Homestead Act of 1862 |
Late 19th & early 20thc >Promote the small family farm ideal >settlementand cultivation for 5 years grants title |
|
|
Land Ordinance of 1785
|
>No limits on speculation orprotections for squatters
|
|
|
Collaborative Policy
|
Decentralized stakeholder groups formulate policy recommendations
>Beyond a reactive approach to public participation; notice-and-comment rulemaking • Allowsconsideration of ecosystems, reduces conflict Local versus national accountability |
|
|
Adaptive Management
|
Try out small-scale experiments and see what happens on various pieces of public lands
Diversify the policy “portfolio”; e.g. , Congress passes legislation to try compatible use instead ofmultiple-use on a couple of Nat. Forests Other examples: Stewardship contracts |
|
|
Administrative Planning
|
Recognition that agencies are political creatures Courts and public opinion grant political discretion; less “scientification” of politics
Planning reform to focus on efficiency |
|
|
Comprehensive Review
|
Public Land Law Review Commission ---Last convened over 40 years ago
>Most likely outcome would be creating of new legislation |
|
|
Reform Options Privatization:
|
Auction off existing public lands to private parties; separate deeds fordifferent types of uses
Let people pay private owners to use the land for various purposes; let market dictate uses Lacks recognition of interaction between land uses, and ability of broad user groups toorganize and make offers Negotiations among rights holders offered as solution |
|
|
Public Discourse Drivers of Conflict
|
Surrogate issues: Northern Spotted Owl and Timber wars
Competing frames: Economic and ecological views on foresthealth, symbolic issues Place-based values: Native American sites Scientific disagreement: value old growth, fire regimes Political grandstanding: Crisis strategies, polarization |
|
|
Institutional Drivers of Conflict
|
> Scarcity:
Intermixed ownership: Logging checkerboards, School trust,split-estate Adversarial governance: Appeals, litigation Public Land Law: Vague and contradictory (e.g., Nat. ParkOrganic Act 1916) Mistrust: Native Americans and US Fed Gov Agencies |
|
|
Inside strategies
|
working within legal framework >ex: Examples: Sierra Club |
|
|
Mainstream environmentalists
|
Anthropocentric conservation, broad issues, broad constituency, membership/foundations, insidestrategies, national
Examples: Sierra Club |
|
|
Outside strategies
|
More radical ideas (e.g. vandalism)
|
|
|
Radical environmentalists
|
Deep ecology, narrow issues, narrow constituency, members, outside strategies, local Examples: Earth Liberation Front
Strategies: “Legal train wrecks” and “ecoterrorism” |
|
|
Wise-use groups
|
Multiple-use, narrow issue, narrow constituency, outside strategies, local
Argue for: State supremacy (Sagebrush Rebels), wise-use, county supremacy, property rights Ex. Cliven Bundy |
|
|
Sources of agency power
|
>>>> Expertise/information (sometimes agencies are the only ones with the expertise=more power)
Nature of mission; dominant profession; astute leadership >>>> Political support Constituency size/structure; |
|
|
Northwest Forest Plan (result of NSO case)
|
1994---First comprehensive collaborative management plan in US –brought togetheragency personnel and scientists, etc.
Protect old growth species, esp. Northern Spotted Owl |
|
|
Attitudinal model of judicial decision-making
|
The ideology and attitudes of judges play a large role in their decisions
Consequences: Venue shopping and political appointment |
|
|
Salvage rider
|
Passed as amendment to Emergency Supplemental Appropriations and Rescissions >Act (Written byMark Rey
>Streamlined “salvage sales” by exempting them from certain procedural requirements, and alsoprohibiting administrative appeals
|
