Era Of The American Revolution

Front 1

War of the Spanish Succession

Back 1

The war was fought mostly in Europe but included Queen Anne's War in North America.
want colonies, both sides use indian allies, but french use them better

Front 2

Treaty of Utrecht

Back 2

concluded the War of the Spanish Succession. It put an end to French expansion and signaled the rise of the British Empire

Front 3

War of Jenkins' Ear

Back 3

Spainish find cargo ship of Captain Jenkins. spanish officers inspect. A fight breaks out on deck and officer cuts of Jenkins ear. they are let go and Jenks reaches london and keeps his ear. It is sent to the prime minister. merges to King George's War

Front 4

War of Austrian Succession

Back 4

When emperor dies, all powers want Austria and they get rid of Maria Theresa his daughter to fight for it. In europe aka King George's War

Front 5

Louisbourg

Back 5

French established colony that British and americans capture during King George's War

Front 6

Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle

Back 6

Ends war of Austrian Succession. Fort Louisbourg goes back to French and Maria Theresa keeps Austrian thrown

Front 7

Seven Year's War/ French and Indian War

Back 7

All of the above wars lead to 7 years war. First Global conflict. In america it began as a conflict over the Ohio Valley

Front 8

Ohio River

Back 8

Priminant virginia investors arranged for a grant from King of 200,00 acres of Ohito valley and 300,000 more promised. French built string of forts in the valley and VA Gov. Dinwiddie sent Washington to kick those suckers out.

Front 9

George Washington

Back 9

Young colonel trying to become a British officer

Front 10

Fort Duquesne

Back 10

established by the French and was in good location for the war so many wanted it. Washington created lousy Fort Necessity and suffered French sieze and after signs french document and admits to murdering French general

Front 11

William Pitt

Back 11

Becomes prime minister

Front 12

Albany Plan of Union

Back 12

All colonies south of maryland invited to meet in albany to talk about cooperation in trade, indians, defense. it dies

Front 13

Benjamin Franklin

Back 13

came up with Albany Plan of Union.

Front 14

General Edward Braddock

Back 14

british soldier and commander in chief for north america. In july 1755 tried to get french out of Fort Duquenes

Front 15

Fort Pitt

Back 15

Replaced Fort Duquenes after 4 years. built by colonists

Front 16

General James Wolfe

Back 16

british officer. huge part in taking Quebec but was killed at height of battle

Front 17

Quebec

Back 17

political and religious capital of French Canada. Surrendered to readcoats. lead to collapse in french power in canada

Front 18

General Louis Joseph Montcalm

Back 18

French commander during Battle at Quebec

Front 19

Plains of Abraham

Back 19

scaled by 4,500 redcoats deployed outside walls of quebec.

Front 20

Montreal

Back 20

armies marched on from three sides

Front 21

George III- England

Back 21

First to get raised as englishman. Not very sharp. Wants to shift power more to grown and restore balance. schooled in etiquitte; insanity

Front 22

Pontiac's Rebellion

Back 22

uprising of native americans who were unhappy with britian's post war policies. successful at first... negotiates peace adn accepts british dominance

Front 23

Proclamation of 1763

Back 23

british colonists will not settle west of the line in to Ohio Valley (first real problem with colonists and british gov)

Front 24

Treaty of Paris- 1763

Back 24

did not make or break any country. Dramatic departure: british won EVERYTHING! Will aquire canada except 2 lil islands, east of mississippi.

Front 25

Great Awakening

Back 25

period many local congregations rise up to challange structured churches. english has clause eye state church in colonies.

Front 26

Enlightment

Back 26

Intellectual movement exclusively european. asks question "why"? presents challange to establish authority. critical after the war, british increased troops in america and colonists think theyre here to watch us.

Front 27

Prime Minister George Grenville

Back 27

taxes are higher in britian than america and he has a budget to meet. American benefited largely from war so he cracks down on smuggling. US agrees duties are allowed

Front 28

Sugar Act (1764)

Back 28

cuts duties on sugar by 1/2. hopefully they will actually pay it instead of continuing to smuggle it. imposed other duties on non-english other goods.

Front 29

Currency Act 1764

Back 29

ban individual colonies from issuing own paper money. dont want colony money (its depreciated)

Front 30

Stamp Act (1765)

Back 30

create revenue stamps required to be afixed to all kinds of documents and most items. First time Parliament imposed a direct tax.

Front 31

Quartering Act (1765)

Back 31

Fisrt- requrie colonies to pay for redcoats upkeep and living in vacant housing. colonists develop fear of permanent troops

Front 32

Sons of Liberty

Back 32

gang. political group made up of American patriots that originated in the pre-independence North American British colonies.

Front 33

Stamp Act Congress

Back 33

meeting in NYC of reps of colonies to discuss the stamp act. meetings were secret

Front 34

Lord Rockingham

Back 34

replaced grenville as prime minister. first lord of the treasury. more predisposed to the colonial point of view. sympathetic with americans

Front 35

Declatory Act (1766)

Back 35

Paliament has right to legislate for the colonies "in all cases whatsoever". acknowledged the stamp tax as pratical mistake but it would not accept principle of no taxation without representation. aHH

Front 36

Townshend Acts/Revenue Act of 1767

Back 36

imposed new import duties on glass, red and white lead, painters colors, paper an TEA. imposts were to be paid in coin and the money used to pay royal officials in teh colonies. autorhorized colonial higher courts to issue write of assistance to help customs officers search private property for violations of new law.

Front 37

Samuel Adams

Back 37

new england patriot

Front 38

Governor Thomas Hutchinson

Back 38

british royal governor of colonial massachusetts. LOYALIST

Front 39

john adams

Back 39

defended redoats after massacre

Front 40

HMS Gaspee

Back 40

a British revenue cutter was investigating a suspected smuggler and that evening a group of the town's prominent citizens boarded the vessel, wounded its commander and burned it to a keel. Attack on a royal officer and king's property but nobody would give info

Front 41

committees of correspondence

Back 41

hadow governments organized by the Patriot leaders of the Thirteen Colonies on the eve of American Revolution.

Front 42

Prime Minister Lord North

Back 42

responsible for tea act. was prime minister for longest time during revolution

Front 43

British EAst India Company

Back 43

last asset was 18 million pounds of tea taht could not be sold because taxes in britain and america made smuggled dutch tea cheaper. To help the company the british gov eliminated export duty on british tea

Front 44

Tea Act of 1773

Back 44

allow east india company to undersell american merchants who smuggled tea. new law meant it could bypass or undersell even the fair traders (americans who obeyed law and bought only english tea)

Front 45

John Hancock

Back 45

lead boston radicals with samuel adams. (triggered military confrontation)

Front 46

Coercive Acts/ Intolerable Acts

Back 46

-Punished Boston by closing port until they payed for all that tea
-allowed royal officials accused of crimes while stopping a riot or collecting revenues to be sent to britain for trial
-giving the royal governor enlarged appointive powers and limiting authority of town meetings, which served as forums for anti-british radicals

Front 47

Quartering Act 1774

Back 47

extended quarting act so troops might be lodged in private dwellings.

Front 48

Maj. Gen Thomas Gage

Back 48

new Massachusetts governor. also lead battles for brits at lexington and concord

Front 49

Quebec Act (1774)

Back 49

set up governing structure for canada. and extended catholic quebec south to ohio river. oh nooooo

Front 50

First Continental Congress

Back 50

met in response to intolerable acts. 55 delegates represnted all golonies except georgia in philadelpha 1774.boycott?

Front 51

Suffolk Resolves

Back 51

major development in colonial hatred leading to adoption of the United States Declaration of Independence

Front 52

Declaration of American Rights/Continental Association of 1774

Back 52

attacked virtually all british trade legislation. and forbade importation or consumption of british goods and urged an embargo on colonial exports as well

Front 53

Conciliatory Resolution

Back 53

resolution passed by the British Parliament in an attempt to reach a peaceful settlement with the Thirteen Colonies immediately prior to the outbreak of the American Revolutionary War.

Front 54

Tories/loyalists

Back 54

e term "Tory" was used to describe Loyalists, colonists who sided with Great Britain against the revolutionaries

Front 55

Committee of Public Safety

Back 55

formed to coordinate Patriot military actions and to call out the Minute men at first sign of further British provocation

Front 56

Lexington/Concord

Back 56

brits tried to go to concord to take military equitment and colonists met them at lexington ont he way and were defeated but then when they got to concord the colonits and militia were there and brits were forced to retreat back to boston "shot heard around the world"

Front 57

Paul Revere

Back 57

was sent with william dawes sent to lexington to warn countrymen that brits were coming!

Front 58

second Continental Congress

Back 58

brought together following lexington and concord

Front 59

Benedict Arnold

Back 59

began war in continental army but later defected to British army. plotted unsuccessfully to surrender it to the British forces

Front 60

Fort Ticonderoga

Back 60

ethan allen and benedict arnold caputured in 1775

Front 61

Continental Army

Back 61

organized at the Second Continental Congress under George Washington

Front 62

General William Howe

Back 62

Took over for Gen Thomas Gage following battle of Bunker HIll

Front 63

Bunker Hill/ Breed's Hill

Back 63

in 1775 Gage prepared to dislodge the rebels from dorchester heights. Americans countered by fortefying BREEDS HILL in Charlestown across the harbor of boston. 2.400 redcoads landed on peninsula and twice they had to retreat from running up breed's hill in to murderous fire of americans. third time howe ordered them to charge. Swept americans of their perch and off nearby BUNKER HILL. technically an american defeat but MORAL victory

Front 64

Olive Brance Petition

Back 64

John Dickinson's petition adopted by second continental congress. declared that colonists remained loyal to King George and asked him to intervene to protect his american subjects against parliament's tyranny.

Front 65

Gen. Henry Clinton

Back 65

British general who was beat off by americans in Carolinas

Front 66

Gen. John Burgoyne

Back 66

British army officer

Front 67

Declaration of the causes and necessity of taking up arms

Back 67

issued by the Second Continental Congress on July 6, 1775, to explain why the Thirteen Colonies had taken up arms in what had become the American Revolutionary War

Front 68

Committee of Secret Correspondence

Back 68

council dedicated to attaining European support for the war for independence. Second contitnental congress and got French's support

Front 69

Hessians

Back 69

german soldiers hired by rulers british

Front 70

Thomas Paine

Back 70

Common Sense- says king george 3 is a tyrant and its common sense to realize that and we should just cut ties. destroy colonists awe of crown and respect for king

Front 71

richard henry lee

Back 71

"motioned" for colonists independence

Front 72

declaration of independence

Back 72

1776 approved by congress

Front 73

"the american crisis"

Back 73

written by thomas paine during american revolution series of pamphlets. boost moral of american colonists

Front 74

Battle of trenton

Back 74

christmas day beat hessians

Front 75

battle of princeton

Back 75

nice of january 2, washington beat brits

Front 76

Lord Cornwallis

Back 76

Surrendered at Yorktown

Front 77

Valley Forge

Back 77

military camp of contitental army during winter.

Front 78

Gen. Horatio Gates

Back 78

retired British soldier who served as an American general during the Revolutionary War. He took credit for the American victory at the Battle of Saratoga

Front 79

Saratoga

Back 79

"gentleman Jonnie" Burgoyne surrendered 6,000 men after being surrounded. French came to help us after that