Epidemiology Chapter 2

Front 1

Measures of Morbidity

Back 1

1. Cumulative Incidence

2. Point Prevalence

3. Incidence Density

4. Period Prevalence

Front 2

Cumulative incidence

Back 2

new cases during the period / population at risk at the start of the period

Front 3

Point Prevalence

Back 3

number of existing cases in that time / total population at specific time

Front 4

Incidence Density

Back 4

new cases during a period / total person time during the period

Front 5

Period Prevalence

Back 5

number of existing cases at specific time period / average total population at specific time period

Front 6

Measures of Natality

Back 6

1. Crude Birth Rate

2. General Fertility Rate

Front 7

Crude Birth Rate

Back 7

Number of live births a year / total population during a year

Front 8

General Fertility Rate

Back 8

Number of live births a year / Total women of reproductive age during year

Front 9

Measures of Mortality

Back 9

1. Crude Death Rate

2. Cause-specific death rate

3. case fatality rate

4. age-specific death rate

5. proportionate mortality ratio

6. sex-specific death rate

Front 10

Crude Death Rate

Back 10

number of deaths a year / total population during year

Front 11

cause-specific death rate

Back 11

number of deaths due to a cause / total population during a year

Front 12

case fatality rate

Back 12

number of deaths due to a cause / number of incident cases during the period

Front 13

age-specific death rate

Back 13

number of deaths of age group / total population of age group during year

Front 14

proportionate mortality ratio

Back 14

number of deaths due to a cause / number of deaths due to all causes

Front 15

sex-specific death rate

Back 15

number of deaths of a sex group / total population of sex group during year

Front 16

Specific Mortality Rates

Back 16

1. Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR)

2. Infant Mortality Rate (IMR)

3. Under-5 Mortality Rate (U5MR)

Front 17

Maternal Mortality Rate

Back 17

Number of pregnancy-related deaths / number of live births during the year

Front 18

Infant Mortality Rate

Back 18

Number of deaths among children < 1 / Number of live births during the year

Front 19

Under-5 Mortality Rate

Back 19

Number of deaths among children < 5 / Number of live births during the year

Front 20

Sensitivity

Back 20

TP / TP + FN

Front 21

Specificity

Back 21

TN / TN + FP

Front 22

Positive Predictive Value

Back 22

TP / TP + FP

Front 23

Negative Predictive Value

Back 23

FN / TN + FN

Front 24

Focuses on the replication of results

Back 24

Precision

Front 25

Focuses on the replication of results

Back 25

Precision

Front 26

Focuses on how close to the "point". Degree of validity of the test

Back 26

Accuracy

Front 27

Focuses on the replication of results

Back 27

Precision

Front 28

Focuses on how close to the "point". Degree of validity of the test

Back 28

Accuracy

Front 29

Set of uniform cause used to determine if a person has a certain disease or health condition

Back 29

Case definition

Front 30

Focuses on the replication of results

Back 30

Precision

Front 31

Focuses on how close to the "point". Degree of validity of the test

Back 31

Accuracy

Front 32

Set of uniform cause used to determine if a person has a certain disease or health condition

Back 32

Case definition

Front 33

Ensures consistency in case identification across time, space, and persons

Back 33

Objective categorization

Front 34

Focuses on the replication of results

Back 34

Precision

Front 35

Focuses on how close to the "point". Degree of validity of the test

Back 35

Accuracy

Front 36

Set of uniform cause used to determine if a person has a certain disease or health condition

Back 36

Case definition

Front 37

Ensures consistency in case identification across time, space, and persons

Back 37

Objective categorization

Front 38

Used in case definitions that defines symptoms

Back 38

Clinical criteria

Front 39

Focuses on the replication of results

Back 39

Precision

Front 40

Focuses on how close to the "point". Degree of validity of the test

Back 40

Accuracy

Front 41

Set of uniform cause used to determine if a person has a certain disease or health condition

Back 41

Case definition

Front 42

Ensures consistency in case identification across time, space, and persons

Back 42

Objective categorization

Front 43

Used in case definitions that defines symptoms

Back 43

Clinical criteria

Front 44

Presence of clinical criteria only

Back 44

Probable case

Front 45

Focuses on the replication of results

Back 45

Precision

Front 46

Focuses on how close to the "point". Degree of validity of the test

Back 46

Accuracy

Front 47

Set of uniform cause used to determine if a person has a certain disease or health condition

Back 47

Case definition

Front 48

Ensures consistency in case identification across time, space, and persons

Back 48

Objective categorization

Front 49

Used in case definitions that defines symptoms

Back 49

Clinical criteria

Front 50

Presence of clinical criteria only

Back 50

Probable case

Front 51

Needed to make a probable cases a confirmed case

Back 51

Laboratory confirmation

Front 52

Focuses on the replication of results

Back 52

Precision

Front 53

Focuses on how close to the "point". Degree of validity of the test

Back 53

Accuracy

Front 54

Set of uniform cause used to determine if a person has a certain disease or health condition

Back 54

Case definition

Front 55

Ensures consistency in case identification across time, space, and persons

Back 55

Objective categorization

Front 56

Used in case definitions that defines symptoms

Back 56

Clinical criteria

Front 57

Presence of clinical criteria only

Back 57

Probable case

Front 58

Needed to make a probable cases a confirmed case

Back 58

Laboratory confirmation

Front 59

Frequency of new or incident cases for a population at risk ;94 a particular period of time. Shows risk of contracting the disease or the outcome

Back 59

Incidence

Front 60

Measures the velocity of a disease because it indicates how fast individuals develop disease

Back 60

Incidence density

Front 61

3 types of rates

Back 61

1. Crude rate

2. Specific rate

3. Adjusted Rate

Front 62

2 main sources of error

Back 62

1. Systematic

2. Non systematic

Front 63

3 types of nonsystematic error (bias)

Back 63

1. Confounding

2. Selection

3. Information

Front 64

3 types of rates

Back 64

1. Crude rate

2. Specific rate

3. Adjusted Rate

Front 65

2 main sources of error

Back 65

1. Systematic

2. Non systematic

Front 66

3 types of nonsystematic error (bias)

Back 66

1. Confounding

2. Selection

3. Information

Front 67

4 types of screening test

Back 67

1. Mass screening test

2. Multiple/multiphase test

3. Targeted test

4. Opportunistic test

Front 68

Two types of multiple screening test

Back 68

1. Serial test

2. Parallel test

Front 69

Two types of multiple screening test

Back 69

1. Serial test

2. Parallel test

Front 70

4 types of variation

Back 70

1. Lack of constancy

2. Lack of objectivity

3. Lack of precision

4. Lack of congruence