I. General Environmental Health

Front 1

Occurrence of illness in excess of normal expectacy

Back 1

Epidemic

Front 2

Ongoing presence of a disease in a community

Back 2

Endemic

Front 3

Disease occurring at greater rates than normal area wide, nation wide or world wide

Back 3

Pandemic

Front 4

Transmission by contact from person to person

Back 4

direct contact

Front 5

Transmission by physical non living objects

Back 5

Vehicle borne transmission

Front 6

Transmission through reservoirs or hosts

Back 6

vector-borne transmission

Front 7

Objects that harbor a disease and are capable of transmitting it

Back 7

fomites

Front 8

invertebrate animal capable of transmitting a disease to vertebrates

Back 8

vector

Front 9

habitat (living or non) where and infectious agent can live grow or multiply

Back 9

reservoir

Front 10

non living intermediate that carries agent from reservoir to host

Back 10

vehicle

Front 11

contains spreads or harbors an infectious organism

Back 11

carrier

Front 12

Individuals that have been exposed to and harbor a disease organism

Back 12

Active carriers

Front 13

Individuals recovering from disease that are still infectious

Back 13

Convalescent carriers

Front 14

Individuals exposed to and harbor the disease but show no symptoms of the disease.

Back 14

Healthy/Passive Carriers

Front 15

Individuals exposed to and harbor a pathogen, are in the beginning stages, show syptoms, and can transmit the disease

Back 15

Incubatory carriers

Front 16

How a disease enters the body

Back 16

Portal of entry

Front 17

Where pathogen uses a host (without infection) or object to move for food or to spread disease

Back 17

Mechanical transmission

Front 18

Pathogen undergoes changes in intermediate host before being transmitted again

Back 18

biological transmission

Front 19

Preventing a disease before it occurs

Back 19

Primary Prevention

Front 20

Focuses on health screening and detection to identify disease

Back 20

Secondary Prevention

Front 21

Limits disabilities from disease by providing care after disease is contracted

Back 21

Tertiary Prevention

Front 22

Transmission from individual to offspring by milk, placenta, sperm

Back 22

Vertical Transmission

Front 23

Transmission from infected individual to another suceptible individual

Back 23

Horizontal Transmission

Front 24

Severe disorder with sudden onset and duration of symptoms

Back 24

Acute Disease

Front 25

continuous duration of disease, lasting long periods or up to a life time

Back 25

Chronic Disease

Front 26

Where the body produces its own antibodies against invading substances

Back 26

Active immunity

Front 27

Where antibodies are transferred from one person to another

Back 27

Passive immunity

Front 28

Making comparisons between variables on the population level rather than individual level.

Back 28

Ecological study

Front 29

Histogram representing the cases over time of an outbreak

Back 29

epidemic curve

Front 30

the most important part of collecting samples, is that they must be collected

Back 30

in a legally defensible manner

Front 31

What are the two most inportant functions of maps?

Back 31

Provide representation of area, relate relevant data to location

Front 32

Proper planning of development projects requires constant attention to what two factors?

Back 32

1. Land in regards to topography and physical characteristics

2. Boundaries of property ownership

Front 33

After a site is selected what scale should the map be, and include contour intervals of?

Back 33

1 inch-100ft, 5 ft contour intervals

Front 34

What are the 3 criteria good urban planning should meet?

Back 34

1.Comprehensive

2. Long Range

3. Encompasses area that allows for sound technical approach

Front 35

designed to locate common ground held by all stakeholders in the planning process

Back 35

Stakeholder Focused Interactive Strategic planning

Front 36

Attempts to take an overall look at the region

Back 36

Comprehensive community planning / General Planning

Front 37

ideal ends toward which the planning process is directed

Back 37

Goals

Front 38

realistically obtainable ends to which plans and policies are directed

Back 38

Objectives

Front 39

For comprehensive plans to be effective, the planning process must provide for

Back 39

Public Participation

Front 40

These slopes require a greater engineering study in order to prevent erosion

Back 40

10%

Front 41

If this is not provided, site development should be abandoned

Back 41

Adequate, safe and satisfactory water supply

Front 42

Soil borings should be made to a depth of

Back 42

15 feet

Front 43

A well supplying a single family home should have a yield of

Back 43

8-10 gallons per minute

Front 44

An Established policy that requires consideration of effects of federal actions on the environment

Back 44

NEPA - National Environmental Policy Act

Front 45

Study required by NEPA, detailed written statement when an environmental assessment indicates a significant impact to the environment

Back 45

EIS - Environmental Impact Study

Front 46

term used in strategic planning to describe the desired future state, where the organization wants to be in 5 years, and the new organizational mission

Back 46

vision

Front 47

Agent that destroys all microbial life

Back 47

sterilant

Front 48

Agent that kills infectious bacteria and fungi, but cannot kill spores

Back 48

disinfectant

Front 49

Agent that reduces, but does not eliminate microbial contaminants on surfaces

Back 49

sanitizers

Front 50

the most widely used type of sanitizers

Back 50

hypochlorites