Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What does descriptive epidemiology refer to?
|
Characterizing the distribution of health-related states or events by:
Person - who? Place - where? Time - why? Clinical Criteria - what? |
|
|
What are the four types of descriptive studies?
|
1. Ecologic studies
2. Case reports 3. Case series 4. Cross-sectional surveys |
|
|
Ecologic study
|
Involves aggregated data on the population level
-Ecologic fallacy |
|
|
Case report
|
Involves a profile of a single individual
|
|
|
Case series
|
A small group of patients with a smiliar diagnosis, instrumental in identifying aids
|
|
|
Cross-sectional survey (prevalence survey)
|
Conducted over a short period of time and the unit of analysis is the individual
-No follow up period |
|
|
What are the four general types of data?
|
1. Nominal data
2. Ordinal data 3. Discrete 4. Continuous |
|
|
Nominal data
|
Unordered categories or classes (race, gender)
|
|
|
Ordinal data
|
Ordered categories or classes, providdes additional information (grade of cancer)
|
|
|
Discrete data
|
Integers of counts that differ by fixed amounts, with no ntermediate values possible (how many children you have)
|
|
|
Continious data
|
Measurable quantities not restricted to taking on integer values (temp, weight, age)
|
|
|
What are age adjusted rates?
|
A weighted average of the age-specific rates, where the weights are the proportions of persons in the corresponding age groups of a standard population
Why necessary? |
|
|
What is the purpose of the dependency ratio?
|
-It describes the relationship by age between those wo have the potential to be self-supporting and the dependent segments of the population - or those segments of the population not in the workforce
-It reflects the amount of potential dependency in a population and the work life span |
|
|
What are the three types of trends?
|
1. Secular trends
2. Short-term trends 3. Cyclic trends |
|
|
Secular trends
|
Represent long-term changes in health-related states or events (One year or more, could be decades)
|
|
|
Short-term trends
|
Usually brief, unexpected increases in health-related states or events (hours, days, weeks, but under a month)
Ex: Flu |
|
|
Cyclic Trends
|
Represent periodic increases and decreases in the occurence of health-related sates or events (seasonal trends, more predictable)
Ex: West Nile Virus, flu, smallpox |
|
|
Public Health Surveillance
|
The systematic ongoing collection, analysis, interpretation, and dissemination of health data
-Implicit in descriptive epidemiology |
|
|
Why surveillance data?
|
Monitor:
-To identify sudden changes in occurence -To follow long-term trends and patterns -To identify changes in risk factors As a result we identify whether: -Does a health problem exist? -Is the problem getting worse? |
|
|
Health Indicator
|
A marker of health status (physical or mental disease, impairments or disability, and social well-being), service provision, or resource availability
|
|
|
KNOW ALL EQUATIONS -- Look over all
|
dfjkd
|
