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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Epidemiology
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study of distribution and determinants of disease
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Goal of epidemiology
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elaborate on causes that can explain patterns of disease occurrence
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Health
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state of physical, mental, and social well-being
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Disease
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invasion by and multiplication of pathogenic microorganisms in a body part/tissue
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Population
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all organisms that constitute a specific group or occur in a specified habitat
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Population structures
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contiguous, separated, open, closed
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Distribution of disease
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epidemic (propagative vs. common source), pandemic, endemic, sporadic, outbreak
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count=
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number of cases of disease, population size unknown
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ratio=
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sick/(total-sick)
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proportion=
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sick/total population (aka- risk, percentage)
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rate=
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sick/(animal time unites at risk)
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Rate measures
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change over time
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Incidence is
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during a period of time, counts number of new cases
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Incidence risk (cumulative incidence)=
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individuals that become sick over a time period/ number of healthy individuals initially at risk
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Incidence rate=
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new cases over a time period/ sum over all individuals of length of time at risk of developing disease
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Incidence rate is
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speed of new case occurrence
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Prevalence is measured
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at a point in time
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prevalence=
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existing cases at a time/animals present at that time
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prevalence=
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incidence rate x average duration of disease |
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Population at risk
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can get the disease
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Cause-specific mortality rate
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only cases meeting definition
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Proportional morbidity/mortality rates
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deaths due to specific disease / all deaths
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Case fatality rate
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proportion of cases that die
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Attack rate
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cases/initial population at risk
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Secondary attack rate
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(cases = initial cases)/initial population at risk
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Carriage rate
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prevalence
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Prevalence good for
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existing cases, identifying disease problems, defining research priorities, evaluating diagnostic tests
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Incidence good for
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studying dynamics of disease, exploring causal theories, evaluating preventive measures
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