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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Agent |
Disease Causing factor |
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Host |
Person or animal in whom disease is caused |
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Environment |
Conditions under which host is exposed to the agent |
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Epidemiologic Triad |
Agent Host Environment |
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Pathogens |
Disease Causing organisms |
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Pathogenesis |
Development of disease |
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Infectious Diseases |
Pathogen/ agent capable of entering multiplying, surviving in host |
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Virulence |
Extent of pathogenicity, Strength, severity of disease Measured by case fatality rate (number of fatal cases/number of cases) |
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Invasiveness |
ability of pathogen to enter, grow in host |
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Communicability |
Environment, susceptible hosts, fomites, vectors |
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Etiology |
Factors that cause disease |
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Acute Disease |
relatively severe, short duration, treatable, recovery or death |
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Subacute disease |
Intermediate in severity/ duration may result in recovery |
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Chronic disease |
less severe, long duration, may not result in recovery |
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Infectivity |
Ability to lodge in and infect/ multiply in host measured by infection or attack rate |
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Pathogenicity |
Ability of agent to produce disease depends on- extent of agent multiplication -extent of disease damage -whether agent produces toxin Measured by pathogenicity rate - number of infections with clinical disease/total number of infected |
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Characteristics of noninfectious agents |
Chemical- concentration, toxicity Physical- Size, Shape, intensity Psychological- chronicity, suddenness Genetic- homo/heterozygosity |
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Transmission of disease |
Reservoir-where agent normally lives and multiplies Vector-any living nonhuman carrier of disease Fomites-non living articles that transmit infection Carrier- human who spreads agent |
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Types of Carriers |
Active/healthy/passive- exposed to agent, can spread disease, no symptoms Convalescent carrier- infections but recovering Incubatory carrier- infectious, beginning phase of disease Intermittent carrier- spreads disease intermittently |
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Incubation period |
interval between time of contact with agent and onset of illness |
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Stages of infection |
Incubatory prodrome stage acute phase resolution phase convalescent phase |
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Kinds of prevention |
Primary- stop disease before it starts Secondary- reduce illness onset, duration, transmission, or detect disease early Tertiary prevention- cure illness or limit degree of disability, suffering, or complications |
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Herd Immunity |
Community resistance Decreased probability of epidemic |
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Incidence of foodborne disease |
Crude Attack Rate= # of people ill * 100 / # attending event Food Specific Attack Rate= # of people who ate food and got ill * 100 / total # who ate food |
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How to Prevent / Control Disease |
-Destroy Agent -Break Cycle of transmission -Increase Immunization / Resistance -Reduce Risk Factors -Isolate Infections Cases |
