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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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ATP
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Adenosine triphosphate
Acts as a temporary energy store |
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What is the ATP precursor in muscle tissue?
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Creatine Phosphate
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What are the steps in glucose oxidation and where do they occur in the cell?
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Glycolysis - cytosol
Krebs Cycle - mitochondrial matrix Oxidative Phosphorylation - inner mitochondrial membrane |
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Where is most of the ATP in glucose oxidation generated?
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Oxidative phosphorylation
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Is glycolysis lactic or alactic?
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Alactic
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In glycolysis how many pyruvate are generated from a single glucose molecule?
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Two
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How many carbons does pyruvate have?
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Three
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What is the ATP exchange for breaking glucose into pyruvate?
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Two are consumed, but 4 are generated (net +2)
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What is produced in step six of glycolysis?
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Two NAD+
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Definition
Oxidative phosphorylation |
When NADH gives up its electrons to synthesize more ATP.
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What is the critical step of glucose oxidation after glycolysis?
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Pyruvate must move from the cytosol to the mitochondrial matrix.
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What happens to pyruvate when it enters the mitochondrial matrix?
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It is converted to acetyl CoA
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What is the byproduct of when pyruvate enters the mitochondrial matrix?
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NAD+ -> NADH + H+
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How many acetyl CoA are produced from one glucose molecule?
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Two
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What is the substrate needed to initiate the Krebs cycle?
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Acetyl CoA
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How many CO2 are generated from one turn the Krebs cycle?
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Two
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How many CO2 are generated from one glucose molecule?
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Four
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How much ATP is generated by the Krebs cycle itself?
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One
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What coenzymes are reduced in the Krebs cycle?
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3 NADH + 1H+ and 1 FADH2
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How much ATP is generated through the Krebs cycle from one glucose molecue?
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Two
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What is the role of oxygen in oxidative phosphorylation and why is it important?
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Oxygen accepts electrons and is a limiting step
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What two processes go on in oxidative phosphorylation?
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1. Electron Transport Chain
2. Chemiosmotic Coupling |
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Definition
Electron Transport Chain |
A series of electron acceptors that causes a release of energy.
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Definition
Chemiosmotic Coupling |
The utilization of energy released during electron transport to transport H+ across the inner mitochondrial membrane up their concentration gradient to produce ATP.
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To which molecule does NADH donate its electrons to?
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Flavin mononucleotide (FMN)
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To which molecule does FADH2 donate its electrons to?
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Coenzyme Q
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How many of NADH are generated for every molecule of glucose?
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Ten
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How many of FADH2 are generated for every molecule of glucose?
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Two
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How many ATP are generated from the pair of electrons released from NADH?
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Three
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How many ATP are generated from the pair of electrons released from FADH2?
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Two
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How many ATP are generated from oxidative phosphorylation?
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Thirty-four
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How many gross and net H2O are produced from one molecule of glucose? What happens to the difference?
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Gross: 12
Net: 6 Difference: 6 used in Krebs |
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What happens when glucose oxidation lacks oxygen?
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A traffic jam develops in the electron transport chain and NADH cannot be oxidated to NAD+
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Why is it important to make sure there is enough NAD+?
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It is necessary to operate the glycolysis pathway and the Krebs cycle.
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What happens after glycolysis when there is no oxygen?
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Pyruvate is converted into lactic acid.
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What is the purpose of the lactic acid process?
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To free up FAD+ in anaerobic conditions so that steps 6, 7, and 10 of the Krebs cycle can run.
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Definition
Glyogenesis |
Conversion of glucose into its storage form glycogen
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Definition
Glycogenolysis |
Conversion of storage glycogen into glucose
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In what form is glucose trapped in the cell?
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Glucose-6-phosphate
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Definition
Gluconeogenesis |
The creation of glucose from noncarbohydrate precursors
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What are three sources of glucose from gluconeogenesis?
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1. Glycerol (from triglycerides)
2. Lactate 3. Amino acids |
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Can glucose be synthesized from acetyl CoA?
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No
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