Eoc Flashcards

Front 1

what are constants?

Back 1

things that remain the same

Front 2

difference between the control group and experimental group?

Back 2

experimental group is the group that receives the variable being tested. The control group does not receive the testc

Front 3

contrast observations versus inference

Back 3

an inference is based on past knowledge and an observation is based on what you gather with your senses

Front 4

On which axis do you put the independent & dependent variables

Back 4

“independent” variable goes on the x-axis and the “dependent” variable goes of the y-axis

Front 5

condition changed in the experiment is the ___ variable

Back 5

independent

Front 6

the result of this change is the ___ variable

Back 6

dependent

Front 7

numerical data provides __ information

Back 7

data

Front 8

observational data provides __ information

Back 8

qualitative

Front 9

___ is the application of scientific research to society's needs/wants

Back 9

technology

Front 10

biology is the study of

Back 10

life

Front 11

list the characteristics of life

Back 11

seven characteristics of life include: responsiveness to the environment; growth and change; ability to reproduce; have a metabolism and breathe; maintain homeostasis; being made of cells; passing traits onto offspring.

Front 12

when does cell differentiation occur?

Back 12

Differentiation occurs numerous times during the development of a multicellular organism as it changes from a simple zygote to a complex system of tissues and cell types.

Front 13

energy required to start a chemical reaction is called ___ energy

Back 13

activation energy

Front 14

how does an enzyme work?

Back 14

Enzymes are biological catalysts - substances that increase the rate of chemical reactions without being used up. Enzymes are proteins folded into complex shapes that allow smaller molecules to fit into them. The place where these substrate molecules fit is called the active site.

Front 15

substance an enzyme reacts with is called the

Back 15

substrate

Front 16

what do all enzymes usually end with?

Back 16

Enzymes are usually given names based on the reactions they catalyze or the compound they are reacting on. The names of most enzymes end in "-ase." Some enzymes which have been known longer have older names that don't end in "ase."

Front 17

define diffusion

Back 17

the spreading of something more widely

Front 18

describe the structure if the plasma membrane. which part is hydrophilic? hydrophobic?

Back 18

water-loving // water-fearing

Front 19

first person to see microorganisms using a simple microscope?

Back 19

Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek

Front 20

who looked at cork and termed the word "cells"

Back 20

robert hooke

Front 21

what 3 parts do all cells have?

Back 21

Cell Membrane

Nucleus

Cytoplasm

Front 22

are viruses alive?

Back 22

yes

Front 23

if something is a prokaryote, it is a ___

Back 23

single - cell organism

Front 24

water is a ___ molecule because of its unequal distribution if charges

Back 24

polar

Front 25

___ is the movement of particles from areas of higher to lesser concentration

Back 25

diffusion

Front 26

we reach a ___ ___ when there is continuous movement of particles, but no overall concentration change

Back 26

dynamic equilibrium

Front 27

an ___ is a protein that changes the rate of a chemical reaction

Back 27

enzyme

Front 28

we use ___ light microscopes here at school

Back 28

compound

Front 29

they are called compound light microscopes because they contain series of ___

Back 29

lens

Front 30

a. all organisms are composed of one or more ___

b. the cell is the basic unit of ___ & organization or organisms

c. all cells come from ___ cells

Back 30

a. cells

b. all living things

c. pre existing

Front 31

small, specialized structures within cells are called ___

Back 31

organelles

Front 32

cells that lack a nucleus and these membrane-bound organelles are called

Back 32

Prokaryotic

Front 33

those cells that have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles are called

Back 33

Eukaryotic

Front 34

the ___ manages cellular functions

Back 34

nucleusthe

Front 35

the plasma membrane of a cells exhibits selective ___. the membrane ___ some molecules to pass through while keeping others ___.

Back 35

permeability, allows, out

Front 36

a plasma membrane is composed of ___

Back 36

phospholipid bilayer

Front 37

the plasma membrane is composed of a phospholipid bilayer, which has 2 layers of phospholipids ____ to ____.

Back 37

back to back

Front 38

____ proteins move needed substances or waste materials through the plasma membrane

Back 38

transport

Front 39

put the following in order: gastrula, zygote, embryo, blastula

Back 39

zygote, blastula, gastrula, embryo

Front 40

energy is transformed for the cell in a

Back 40

????

Front 41

the support structure within a cell is its

Back 41

cell wall

Front 42

____ short, numerous projections used for motion in unicellular organisms

Back 42

cilia

Front 43

___ are longer projections that move a cell with a whip-like location

Back 43

flagella

Front 44

does the euglena have a cilia or a flagellum?

Back 44

flagellum

Front 45

does the paramecium have cilia or a flagellum?

Back 45

cilia

Front 46

amoeba moves using its

Back 46

pseudopod

Front 47

____ diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane

Back 47

osmosis

Front 48

when a cell is surrounded by an ___ solution, the concentration of dissolved substances in the solution is the same as the concentration of dissolved substances inside the cell.

Back 48

isotonic

Front 49

when a cell is surrounded by a ___ solution, the concentration of dissolved substances is lower in the solution outside the cell than inside the cell

Back 49

hypotonic

Front 50

the function of the nucleus is to __

Back 50

produce

Front 51

when a cell is surrounded by a ___ solution, the concentration of dissolved substances is higher in the solution outside the cell than inside the cell

Back 51

hypertonic

Front 52

when no energy is needed to transport particles through the plasma membrane of a cell, it is referred to as ___ transport

Back 52

active

Front 53

sometimes transport proteins are used to help or facilitate the movement of particles through the plasma membrane. this is referred to as ___ diffusion, & is still an example of passive transport

Back 53

facilitated

Front 54

When you go against the concentration gradient, from lower to higher concentration, and input of energy is necessary. This is referred to as ___ transport.

Back 54

passive

Front 55

process in which a cell takes in food

Back 55

Phagocytosis

Front 56

process in which a cell expels waste

Back 56

digestion

Front 57

as a cell's size increases, its ___ increases much faster than its ____ ____

Back 57

volume, surface area

Front 58

for this reason, cells ___ before they become too large

Back 58

starve

Front 59

cells make ___, tissues make ___ organs make ____ ____, & organ systems compose the ___.

Back 59

proteins, cell structure, ???, ???

Front 60

the ___ of a plant is where photosynthesis occurs

Back 60

leaves

Front 61

___ are the sites where the cell makes protein according to the directions of ___.

Back 61

ribosomes, DNA

Front 62

compare dna & rna

Back 62

DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, is like a blueprint of biological guidelines that a living organism must follow to exist and remain functional. RNA, or ribonucleic acid, helps carry out this blueprint's guidelines. Of the two, RNA is more versatile than DNA, capable of performing numerous, diverse tasks in an organism, but DNA is more stable and holds more complex information for longer periods of time.

Front 63

what is a telomere

Back 63

a compound structure at the end of a chromosome.

Front 64

what is apoptosis in cells

Back 64

process of programmed cell death that occurs in multicellular organisms. Biochemical events lead to characteristic cell changes (morphology) and death.

Front 65

what are carcinogens?

Back 65

substance capable of causing cancer in living tissue.

Front 66

the clear, gelatinous fluid inside a cell is called the

Back 66

cytoplasm

Front 67

the site of chemical reactions within the cell is the

Back 67

mitochondria

Front 68

the folded shape of the ER allows a large amount of work to be done in a ___ space

Back 68

smaller

Front 69

after the ribosomes produce proteins, they transfer them to an organelle called the ___ ____, which stores them for later use.

Back 69

?????

Front 70

temporary storage compartments within a cell are called

Back 70

vacuoles

Front 71

organelles that digest old organelles, food, and viruses/bacteria

Back 71

lysosomes

Front 72

chloroplasts, found in the cells autotrophs, capture ___ energy and convert it to ___ energy

Back 72

light, chemical

Front 73

what is a karyotype?

Back 73

visual appearance of the chrome in the cell nuclei of an organism

Front 74

what are autosomal traits?

Back 74

trait coded by a gene on an autosomal chromosome

Front 75

shape of the dna? enzymes associated with dna replication?

Back 75

double-helix & polymerase

Front 76

shape of the dna? enzymes associated with dna replication?

Back 76

double-helix & polymerase

Front 77

what is used to cut dna

Back 77

restriction enzymes

Front 78

shape of the dna? enzymes associated with dna replication?

Back 78

double-helix & polymerase

Front 79

what is used to cut dna

Back 79

restriction enzymes

Front 80

what is it called when a piece of foreign dna is inserted into another organism?

Back 80

recombinant dna

Front 81

shape of the dna? enzymes associated with dna replication?

Back 81

double-helix & polymerase

Front 82

what is used to cut dna

Back 82

restriction enzymes

Front 83

what is it called when a piece of foreign dna is inserted into another organism?

Back 83

recombinant dna

Front 84

what is used to read the amino acid chart

Back 84

codon chart

Front 85

shape of the dna? enzymes associated with dna replication?

Back 85

double-helix & polymerase

Front 86

what is used to cut dna

Back 86

restriction enzymes

Front 87

what is it called when a piece of foreign dna is inserted into another organism?

Back 87

recombinant dna

Front 88

what is used to read the amino acid chart

Back 88

codon chart

Front 89

what do you call three letters on a tRNA molecule? mRNA molecule?

Back 89

anti-codon, codon

Front 90

shape of the dna? enzymes associated with dna replication?

Back 90

double-helix & polymerase

Front 91

what is used to cut dna

Back 91

restriction enzymes

Front 92

what is it called when a piece of foreign dna is inserted into another organism?

Back 92

recombinant dna

Front 93

what is used to read the amino acid chart

Back 93

codon chart

Front 94

what do you call three letters on a tRNA molecule? mRNA molecule?

Back 94

anti-codon, codon

Front 95

sex cells are also known as

Back 95

gamere

Front 96

shape of the dna? enzymes associated with dna replication?

Back 96

double-helix & polymerase

Front 97

what is used to cut dna

Back 97

restriction enzymes

Front 98

what is it called when a piece of foreign dna is inserted into another organism?

Back 98

recombinant dna

Front 99

what is used to read the amino acid chart

Back 99

codon chart

Front 100

what do you call three letters on a tRNA molecule? mRNA molecule?

Back 100

anti-codon, codon

Front 101

sex cells are also known as

Back 101

gamere

Front 102

body cells are also known as

Back 102

red blood cells

Front 103

shape of the dna? enzymes associated with dna replication?

Back 103

double-helix & polymerase

Front 104

what is used to cut dna

Back 104

restriction enzymes

Front 105

what is it called when a piece of foreign dna is inserted into another organism?

Back 105

recombinant dna

Front 106

what is used to read the amino acid chart

Back 106

codon chart

Front 107

what do you call three letters on a tRNA molecule? mRNA molecule?

Back 107

anti-codon, codon

Front 108

sex cells are also known as

Back 108

gamere

Front 109

body cells are also known as

Back 109

red blood cells

Front 110

which organelle is found in animals and plays a role in cell division?

Back 110

lentriole

Front 111

shape of the dna? enzymes associated with dna replication?

Back 111

double-helix & polymerase

Front 112

what is used to cut dna

Back 112

restriction enzymes

Front 113

what is it called when a piece of foreign dna is inserted into another organism?

Back 113

recombinant dna

Front 114

what is used to read the amino acid chart

Back 114

codon chart

Front 115

what do you call three letters on a tRNA molecule? mRNA molecule?

Back 115

anti-codon, codon

Front 116

sex cells are also known as

Back 116

gamere

Front 117

body cells are also known as

Back 117

red blood cells

Front 118

which organelle is found in animals and plays a role in cell division?

Back 118

lentriole

Front 119

how does cytokinesis differ in plants & animals?

Back 119

plants- to split they have a cell plate

animals- to split they create a cleavage furrow

Front 120

what is the start codon

Back 120

first codon of a messenger dna

Front 121

what is the start codon

Back 121

first codon of a messenger dna

Front 122

contrast the Law of Independent Assortment and Law of Segregation

Back 122

???

Front 123

what is the start codon

Back 123

first codon of a messenger dna

Front 124

contrast the Law of Independent Assortment and Law of Segregation

Back 124

???

Front 125

the basic building blocks of proteins are called

Back 125

amino acid

Front 126

what is the start codon

Back 126

first codon of a messenger dna

Front 127

contrast the Law of Independent Assortment and Law of Segregation

Back 127

???

Front 128

the basic building blocks of proteins are called

Back 128

amino acid

Front 129

complex biomolecule that stores cellular information in form of a code

Back 129

nucleic acid

Front 130

what is the start codon

Back 130

first codon of a messenger dna

Front 131

contrast the Law of Independent Assortment and Law of Segregation

Back 131

???

Front 132

the basic building blocks of proteins are called

Back 132

amino acid

Front 133

complex biomolecule that stores cellular information in form of a code

Back 133

nucleic acid

Front 134

nucleic acids are made of smaller subunits called

Back 134

nucleic tides

Front 135

what is the start codon

Back 135

first codon of a messenger dna

Front 136

contrast the Law of Independent Assortment and Law of Segregation

Back 136

???

Front 137

the basic building blocks of proteins are called

Back 137

amino acid

Front 138

complex biomolecule that stores cellular information in form of a code

Back 138

nucleic acid

Front 139

nucleic acids are made of smaller subunits called

Back 139

nucleic tides

Front 140

strands of dna are referred to as

Back 140

mitosis

Front 141

what is the start codon

Back 141

first codon of a messenger dna

Front 142

contrast the Law of Independent Assortment and Law of Segregation

Back 142

???

Front 143

the basic building blocks of proteins are called

Back 143

amino acid

Front 144

complex biomolecule that stores cellular information in form of a code

Back 144

nucleic acid

Front 145

nucleic acids are made of smaller subunits called

Back 145

nucleic tides

Front 146

strands of dna are referred to as

Back 146

mitosis

Front 147

structures which contain dna are called

Back 147

mitochondria

Front 148

what is the start codon

Back 148

first codon of a messenger dna

Front 149

contrast the Law of Independent Assortment and Law of Segregation

Back 149

???

Front 150

the basic building blocks of proteins are called

Back 150

amino acid

Front 151

complex biomolecule that stores cellular information in form of a code

Back 151

nucleic acid

Front 152

nucleic acids are made of smaller subunits called

Back 152

nucleic tides

Front 153

strands of dna are referred to as

Back 153

????

Front 154

structures which contain dna are called

Back 154

????

Front 155

cell cycle is the sequence of growth & ___ of a cell

Back 155

division

Front 156

majority of cells life is spent in

Back 156

interphase

Front 157

majority of cells life is spent in

Back 157

interphase

Front 158

cell enters its period of nuclear division known as

Back 158

prophase

Front 159

the long stringy ___ coils up into chromosomes

Back 159

chromatin

Front 160

the long stringy ___ coils up into chromosomes

Back 160

chromatin

Front 161

two halves of the doubled structure are called ___ & they are held together by a structure called the __

Back 161

sister chromatids, centromere

Front 162

the long stringy ___ coils up into chromosomes

Back 162

chromatin

Front 163

two halves of the doubled structure are called ___ & they are held together by a structure called the __

Back 163

sister chromatids, centromere

Front 164

interphase comes first followed by

Back 164

prophase, meta, anaphase, telophase

Front 165

the long stringy ___ coils up into chromosomes

Back 165

chromatin

Front 166

two halves of the doubled structure are called ___ & they are held together by a structure called the __

Back 166

sister chromatids, centromere

Front 167

interphase comes first followed by

Back 167

prophase, meta, anaphase, telophase

Front 168

cells cytoplasm divides in a process called

Back 168

cytokinesis

Front 169

the long stringy ___ coils up into chromosomes

Back 169

chromatin

Front 170

two halves of the doubled structure are called ___ & they are held together by a structure called the __

Back 170

sister chromatids, centromere

Front 171

interphase comes first followed by

Back 171

prophase, meta, anaphase, telophase

Front 172

cells cytoplasm divides in a process called

Back 172

cytokinesis

Front 173

cells is controlled by proteins and

Back 173

cystine

Front 174

the long stringy ___ coils up into chromosomes

Back 174

chromatin

Front 175

two halves of the doubled structure are called ___ & they are held together by a structure called the __

Back 175

sister chromatids, centromere

Front 176

interphase comes first followed by

Back 176

prophase, meta, anaphase, telophase

Front 177

cells cytoplasm divides in a process called

Back 177

cytokinesis

Front 178

cells is controlled by proteins and

Back 178

cystine

Front 179

malignant growth resulting from uncontrolled cell division. what is a benign tumor?

Back 179

cancer / mass of cells that lacks the ability to invade neighboring tissue

Front 180

the long stringy ___ coils up into chromosomes

Back 180

chromatin

Front 181

two halves of the doubled structure are called ___ & they are held together by a structure called the __

Back 181

sister chromatids, centromere

Front 182

interphase comes first followed by

Back 182

prophase, meta, anaphase, telophase

Front 183

cells cytoplasm divides in a process called

Back 183

cytokinesis

Front 184

cells is controlled by proteins and

Back 184

cystine

Front 185

malignant growth resulting from uncontrolled cell division. what is a benign tumor?

Back 185

cancer / mass of cells that lacks the ability to invade

Front 186

segment of dna that controls the production of proteins

Back 186

neighboring tissue

Front 187

passing on of characteristics from parents to off spring is called

Back 187

heredity

Front 188

passing on of characteristics from parents to off spring is called

Back 188

heredity

Front 189

branch of biology that studies heredity is

Back 189

genetics

Front 190

in the process of fertilization, male & female sex cells called __ come together during ___

Back 190

gametes, reproduction

Front 191

passing on of characteristics from parents to off spring is called

Back 191

heredity

Front 192

branch of biology that studies heredity is

Back 192

genetics

Front 193

in the process of fertilization, male & female sex cells called __ come together during ___

Back 193

gametes, reproduction

Front 194

transfer if pollen from male organ to female organ in a plant

Back 194

pollination

Front 195

passing on of characteristics from parents to off spring is called

Back 195

heredity

Front 196

branch of biology that studies heredity is

Back 196

genetics

Front 197

in the process of fertilization, male & female sex cells called __ come together during ___

Back 197

gametes, reproduction

Front 198

transfer if pollen from male organ to female organ in a plant

Back 198

pollination

Front 199

offspring of parents that have different forms of a trait

Back 199

hybrid

Front 200

alternative forms of a gene

Back 200

allele

Front 201

observed trait is called __ and the one that disappears is called

Back 201

dominant / recessive

Front 202

the way an organism looks is its

Back 202

phenotype

Front 203

the way an organism looks is its

Back 203

phenotype

Front 204

the allele combinations an organism contains is its

Back 204

genotype

Front 205

the way an organism looks is its

Back 205

phenotype

Front 206

the allele combinations an organism contains is its

Back 206

genotype

Front 207

if an organism's two alleles are the same for a trait, the organism is

Back 207

homozygous

Front 208

the way an organism looks is its

Back 208

phenotype

Front 209

the allele combinations an organism contains is its

Back 209

genotype

Front 210

if an organism's two alleles are the same for a trait, the organism is

Back 210

homozygous

Front 211

if the alleles differ, the organism is

Back 211

heterozygous

Front 212

the way an organism looks is its

Back 212

phenotype

Front 213

the allele combinations an organism contains is its

Back 213

genotype

Front 214

if an organism's two alleles are the same for a trait, the organism is

Back 214

homozygous

Front 215

if the alleles differ, the organism is

Back 215

heterozygous

Front 216

cell with two of each kind of chromosome is a ___ cell

Back 216

diploid

Front 217

the way an organism looks is its

Back 217

phenotype

Front 218

the allele combinations an organism contains is its

Back 218

genotype

Front 219

if an organism's two alleles are the same for a trait, the organism is

Back 219

homozygous

Front 220

if the alleles differ, the organism is

Back 220

heterozygous

Front 221

cell with two of each kind of chromosome is a ___ cell

Back 221

diploid

Front 222

two chromosomes of each pair in a diploid cell are chromosomes

Back 222

????

Front 223

the way an organism looks is its

Back 223

phenotype

Front 224

the allele combinations an organism contains is its

Back 224

genotype

Front 225

if an organism's two alleles are the same for a trait, the organism is

Back 225

homozygous

Front 226

if the alleles differ, the organism is

Back 226

heterozygous

Front 227

cell with two of each kind of chromosome is a ___ cell

Back 227

diploid

Front 228

two chromosomes of each pair in a diploid cell are chromosomes

Back 228

????

Front 229

mitosis keeps the chromosome number constant or the same. you begin with 46 chromosomes & end with 46. the process that cuts this number in half is

Back 229

meiosis

Front 230

the way an organism looks is its

Back 230

phenotype

Front 231

the allele combinations an organism contains is its

Back 231

genotype

Front 232

if an organism's two alleles are the same for a trait, the organism is

Back 232

homozygous

Front 233

if the alleles differ, the organism is

Back 233

heterozygous

Front 234

cell with two of each kind of chromosome is a ___ cell

Back 234

diploid

Front 235

two chromosomes of each pair in a diploid cell are chromosomes

Back 235

????

Front 236

mitosis keeps the chromosome number constant or the same. you begin with 46 chromosomes & end with 46. the process that cuts this number in half is

Back 236

meiosis

Front 237

exchange of genetic information is a form of

Back 237

crossing over

Front 238

the way an organism looks is its

Back 238

phenotype

Front 239

the allele combinations an organism contains is its

Back 239

genotype

Front 240

if an organism's two alleles are the same for a trait, the organism is

Back 240

homozygous

Front 241

if the alleles differ, the organism is

Back 241

heterozygous

Front 242

cell with two of each kind of chromosome is a ___ cell

Back 242

diploid

Front 243

two chromosomes of each pair in a diploid cell are chromosomes

Back 243

????

Front 244

mitosis keeps the chromosome number constant or the same. you begin with 46 chromosomes & end with 46. the process that cuts this number in half is

Back 244

meiosis

Front 245

exchange of genetic information is a form of

Back 245

crossing over

Front 246

this crossing over of genetic information is a form of

Back 246

genetic recombination

Front 247

the way an organism looks is its

Back 247

phenotype

Front 248

the allele combinations an organism contains is its

Back 248

genotype

Front 249

if an organism's two alleles are the same for a trait, the organism is

Back 249

homozygous

Front 250

if the alleles differ, the organism is

Back 250

heterozygous

Front 251

cell with two of each kind of chromosome is a ___ cell

Back 251

diploid

Front 252

two chromosomes of each pair in a diploid cell are chromosomes

Back 252

????

Front 253

mitosis keeps the chromosome number constant or the same. you begin with 46 chromosomes & end with 46. the process that cuts this number in half is

Back 253

meiosis

Front 254

exchange of genetic information is a form of

Back 254

crossing over

Front 255

this crossing over of genetic information is a form of

Back 255

genetic recombination

Front 256

laws of heredity created by Gregor

Back 256

mendel

Front 257

the way an organism looks is its

Back 257

phenotype

Front 258

failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis 1 is

Back 258

nondisjunction

Front 259

the allele combinations an organism contains is its

Back 259

genotype

Front 260

if an organism's two alleles are the same for a trait, the organism is

Back 260

homozygous

Front 261

if the alleles differ, the organism is

Back 261

heterozygous

Front 262

two chromosomes of each pair in a diploid cell are chromosomes

Back 262

homologous

Front 263

two chromosomes of each pair in a diploid cell are chromosomes

Back 263

????

Front 264

mitosis keeps the chromosome number constant or the same. you begin with 46 chromosomes & end with 46. the process that cuts this number in half is

Back 264

meiosis

Front 265

this crossing over of genetic information is a form of

Back 265

genetic recombination

Front 266

this crossing over of genetic information is a form of

Back 266

genetic recombination

Front 267

laws of heredity created by Gregor

Back 267

mendel

Front 268

gamete with a missing chromosome fuses with a normal one, the resulting zygote lacks a chromosome

Back 268

mutation

Front 269

punnett square

Back 269

25% AA

50% Aa

25% aa

Front 270

because dna is composed of two strands of genetic material twisted together, its shaped is called a

Back 270

double helix

Front 271

because dna is composed of two strands of genetic material twisted together, its shaped is called a

Back 271

double helix

Front 272

adenine pairs only with

Back 272

thymine

Front 273

because dna is composed of two strands of genetic material twisted together, its shaped is called a

Back 273

double helix

Front 274

adenine pairs only with

Back 274

thymine

Front 275

pairs only with cytosine

Back 275

guanine

Front 276

because dna is composed of two strands of genetic material twisted together, its shaped is called a

Back 276

double helix

Front 277

adenine pairs only with

Back 277

thymine

Front 278

pairs only with cytosine

Back 278

guanine

Front 279

dna in a chromosome is copied in a process known as dna

Back 279

replication

Front 280

because dna is composed of two strands of genetic material twisted together, its shaped is called a

Back 280

double helix

Front 281

adenine pairs only with

Back 281

thymine

Front 282

pairs only with cytosine

Back 282

guanine

Front 283

dna in a chromosome is copied in a process known as dna

Back 283

replication

Front 284

rna does not contain thymine, it comtains

Back 284

uracil

Front 285

because dna is composed of two strands of genetic material twisted together, its shaped is called a

Back 285

double helix

Front 286

adenine pairs only with

Back 286

thymine

Front 287

pairs only with cytosine

Back 287

guanine

Front 288

dna in a chromosome is copied in a process known as dna

Back 288

replication

Front 289

rna does not contain thymine, it comtains

Back 289

uracil

Front 290

rna brings instructions from the dna in the nucleus out into the cytoplasm

Back 290

???

Front 291

because dna is composed of two strands of genetic material twisted together, its shaped is called a

Back 291

double helix

Front 292

adenine pairs only with

Back 292

thymine

Front 293

pairs only with cytosine

Back 293

guanine

Front 294

dna in a chromosome is copied in a process known as dna

Back 294

replication

Front 295

rna does not contain thymine, it comtains

Back 295

uracil

Front 296

rna brings instructions from the dna in the nucleus out into the cytoplasm

Back 296

???

Front 297

rna binds to the mrna and uses the instructions to assemble the amino acids in the correct order

Back 297

???

Front 298

because dna is composed of two strands of genetic material twisted together, its shaped is called a

Back 298

double helix

Front 299

adenine pairs only with

Back 299

thymine

Front 300

pairs only with cytosine

Back 300

guanine

Front 301

dna in a chromosome is copied in a process known as dna

Back 301

replication

Front 302

rna does not contain thymine, it comtains

Back 302

uracil

Front 303

rna brings instructions from the dna in the nucleus out into the cytoplasm

Back 303

???

Front 304

rna binds to the mrna and uses the instructions to assemble the amino acids in the correct order

Back 304

???

Front 305

rna delivers the amino acids to the ribosomes to assemble into a protein

Back 305

???

Front 306

because dna is composed of two strands of genetic material twisted together, its shaped is called a

Back 306

double helix

Front 307

adenine pairs only with

Back 307

thymine

Front 308

pairs only with cytosine

Back 308

guanine

Front 309

dna in a chromosome is copied in a process known as dna

Back 309

replication

Front 310

rna does not contain thymine, it comtains

Back 310

uracil

Front 311

rna brings instructions from the dna in the nucleus out into the cytoplasm

Back 311

???

Front 312

rna binds to the mrna and uses the instructions to assemble the amino acids in the correct order

Back 312

???

Front 313

rna delivers the amino acids to the ribosomes to assemble into a protein

Back 313

???

Front 314

in the nucleus, enzymes form a rna copy of a portion of dna in a process known as

Back 314

transcription

Front 315

because dna is composed of two strands of genetic material twisted together, its shaped is called a

Back 315

double helix

Front 316

adenine pairs only with

Back 316

thymine

Front 317

pairs only with cytosine

Back 317

guanine

Front 318

dna in a chromosome is copied in a process known as dna

Back 318

replication

Front 319

rna does not contain thymine, it comtains

Back 319

uracil

Front 320

rna brings instructions from the dna in the nucleus out into the cytoplasm

Back 320

???

Front 321

rna binds to the mrna and uses the instructions to assemble the amino acids in the correct order

Back 321

???

Front 322

rna delivers the amino acids to the ribosomes to assemble into a protein

Back 322

???

Front 323

in the nucleus, enzymes form a rna copy of a portion of dna in a process known as

Back 323

transcription

Front 324

in a messenger rna, a 3letter sequence of nitrogenous bases codes for specific amino acid. these 3letter sequences are known as

Back 324

???

Front 325

process of converting the information in a sequence of nitrogenous bases in mrna into a sequence of amino acids to produce proteins is known as

Back 325

translation

Front 326

process of converting the information in a sequence of nitrogenous bases in mrna into a sequence of amino acids to produce proteins is known as

Back 326

translation

Front 327

any change in a DNA sequence is a

Back 327

mutation

Front 328

process of converting the information in a sequence of nitrogenous bases in mrna into a sequence of amino acids to produce proteins is known as

Back 328

translation

Front 329

any change in a DNA sequence is a

Back 329

mutation

Front 330

one change in one base pair is called a __ mutation

Back 330

point

Front 331

process of converting the information in a sequence of nitrogenous bases in mrna into a sequence of amino acids to produce proteins is known as

Back 331

translation

Front 332

any change in a DNA sequence is a

Back 332

mutation

Front 333

one change in one base pair is called a __ mutation

Back 333

point

Front 334

when a nitrogen base is lost or added m, everything gets shifted, and all of a sudden the arrangement of base pairs dont work. this is called _ mutation

Back 334

substitution

Front 335

structural changes in chromosomes are called _ mutations

Back 335

structural

Front 336

structural changes in chromosomes are called _ mutations

Back 336

structural

Front 337

any agent that causes a change in dna is a

Back 337

mutagen

Front 338

structural changes in chromosomes are called _ mutations

Back 338

structural

Front 339

any agent that causes a change in dna is a

Back 339

mutagen

Front 340

graphic representation of genetic inheritance is a

Back 340

pedigree

Front 341

structural changes in chromosomes are called _ mutations

Back 341

structural

Front 342

any agent that causes a change in dna is a

Back 342

mutagen

Front 343

graphic representation of genetic inheritance is a

Back 343

pedigree

Front 344

half - shaded square or circle in a pedigree represents a _. what does the slash mean?

Back 344

the person may be deceased

Front 345

structural changes in chromosomes are called _ mutations

Back 345

structural

Front 346

any agent that causes a change in dna is a

Back 346

mutagen

Front 347

graphic representation of genetic inheritance is a

Back 347

pedigree

Front 348

half - shaded square or circle in a pedigree represents a _. what does the slash mean?

Back 348

the person may be deceased

Front 349

polydactyl means having _ fingers

Back 349

extra

Front 350

structural changes in chromosomes are called _ mutations

Back 350

structural

Front 351

any agent that causes a change in dna is a

Back 351

mutagen

Front 352

graphic representation of genetic inheritance is a

Back 352

pedigree

Front 353

half - shaded square or circle in a pedigree represents a _. what does the slash mean?

Back 353

the person may be deceased

Front 354

polydactyl means having _ fingers

Back 354

extra

Front 355

developing baby is a

Back 355

fetus

Front 356

structural changes in chromosomes are called _ mutations

Back 356

structural

Front 357

any agent that causes a change in dna is a

Back 357

mutagen

Front 358

graphic representation of genetic inheritance is a

Back 358

pedigree

Front 359

half - shaded square or circle in a pedigree represents a _. what does the slash mean?

Back 359

the person may be deceased

Front 360

polydactyl means having _ fingers

Back 360

extra

Front 361

developing baby is a

Back 361

fetus

Front 362

in _ dominance, the phenotype of heterozygous individuals is intermediate between those of two homozygous

Back 362

codominance

Front 363

structural changes in chromosomes are called _ mutations

Back 363

structural

Front 364

any agent that causes a change in dna is a

Back 364

mutagen

Front 365

graphic representation of genetic inheritance is a

Back 365

pedigree

Front 366

half - shaded square or circle in a pedigree represents a _. what does the slash mean?

Back 366

the person may be deceased

Front 367

polydactyl means having _ fingers

Back 367

extra

Front 368

developing baby is a

Back 368

fetus

Front 369

in _ dominance, the phenotype of heterozygous individuals is intermediate between those of two homozygous

Back 369

???

Front 370

in___, both alleles are expressed equally

Back 370

codominance

Front 371

structural changes in chromosomes are called _ mutations

Back 371

structural

Front 372

any agent that causes a change in dna is a

Back 372

mutagen

Front 373

graphic representation of genetic inheritance is a

Back 373

pedigree

Front 374

half - shaded square or circle in a pedigree represents a _. what does the slash mean?

Back 374

the person may be deceased

Front 375

polydactyl means having _ fingers

Back 375

extra

Front 376

developing baby is a

Back 376

fetus

Front 377

in _ dominance, the phenotype of heterozygous individuals is intermediate between those of two homozygous

Back 377

???

Front 378

in___, both alleles are expressed equally

Back 378

codominance

Front 379

traits controlled by more than two alleles have ___ alleles

Back 379

multiple

Front 380

structural changes in chromosomes are called _ mutations

Back 380

structural

Front 381

any agent that causes a change in dna is a

Back 381

mutagen

Front 382

graphic representation of genetic inheritance is a

Back 382

pedigree

Front 383

half - shaded square or circle in a pedigree represents a _. what does the slash mean?

Back 383

the person may be deceased

Front 384

polydactyl means having _ fingers

Back 384

extra

Front 385

developing baby is a

Back 385

fetus

Front 386

in _ dominance, the phenotype of heterozygous individuals is intermediate between those of two homozygous

Back 386

???

Front 387

in___, both alleles are expressed equally

Back 387

codominance

Front 388

traits controlled by more than two alleles have ___ alleles

Back 388

multiple

Front 389

the __ are the first 22 pairs of chromosomes

Back 389

autosomes

Front 390

structural changes in chromosomes are called _ mutations

Back 390

structural

Front 391

the 23rd pair is the _ chromosomes

Back 391

sex

Front 392

any agent that causes a change in dna is a

Back 392

mutagen

Front 393

graphic representation of genetic inheritance is a

Back 393

pedigree

Front 394

half - shaded square or circle in a pedigree represents a _. what does the slash mean?

Back 394

the person may be deceased

Front 395

polydactyl means having _ fingers

Back 395

extra

Front 396

developing baby is a

Back 396

fetus

Front 397

in _ dominance, the phenotype of heterozygous individuals is intermediate between those of two homozygous

Back 397

???

Front 398

in___, both alleles are expressed equally

Back 398

codominance

Front 399

traits controlled by more than two alleles have ___ alleles

Back 399

multiple

Front 400

the __ are the first 22 pairs of chromosomes

Back 400

autosomes

Front 401

structural changes in chromosomes are called _ mutations

Back 401

structural

Front 402

the 23rd pair is the _ chromosomes

Back 402

sex

Front 403

XY is the pair for

Back 403

male

Front 404

any agent that causes a change in dna is a

Back 404

mutagen

Front 405

graphic representation of genetic inheritance is a

Back 405

pedigree

Front 406

half - shaded square or circle in a pedigree represents a _. what does the slash mean?

Back 406

the person may be deceased

Front 407

polydactyl means having _ fingers

Back 407

extra

Front 408

developing baby is a

Back 408

fetus

Front 409

in _ dominance, the phenotype of heterozygous individuals is intermediate between those of two homozygous

Back 409

???

Front 410

in___, both alleles are expressed equally

Back 410

codominance

Front 411

traits controlled by more than two alleles have ___ alleles

Back 411

multiple

Front 412

the __ are the first 22 pairs of chromosomes

Back 412

autosomes

Front 413

structural changes in chromosomes are called _ mutations

Back 413

structural

Front 414

the 23rd pair is the _ chromosomes

Back 414

sex

Front 415

XY is the pair for

Back 415

male

Front 416

XX is the pair for

Back 416

female

Front 417

any agent that causes a change in dna is a

Back 417

mutagen

Front 418

graphic representation of genetic inheritance is a

Back 418

pedigree

Front 419

half - shaded square or circle in a pedigree represents a _. what does the slash mean?

Back 419

the person may be deceased

Front 420

polydactyl means having _ fingers

Back 420

extra

Front 421

developing baby is a

Back 421

fetus

Front 422

in _ dominance, the phenotype of heterozygous individuals is intermediate between those of two homozygous

Back 422

???

Front 423

in___, both alleles are expressed equally

Back 423

codominance

Front 424

traits controlled by more than two alleles have ___ alleles

Back 424

multiple

Front 425

the __ are the first 22 pairs of chromosomes

Back 425

autosomes

Front 426

structural changes in chromosomes are called _ mutations

Back 426

structural

Front 427

the 23rd pair is the _ chromosomes

Back 427

sex

Front 428

XY is the pair for

Back 428

male

Front 429

XX is the pair for

Back 429

female

Front 430

disorder which causes a problem with blood clotting

Back 430

genetic clotting disorder

Front 431

any agent that causes a change in dna is a

Back 431

mutagen

Front 432

graphic representation of genetic inheritance is a

Back 432

pedigree

Front 433

half - shaded square or circle in a pedigree represents a _. what does the slash mean?

Back 433

the person may be deceased

Front 434

polydactyl means having _ fingers

Back 434

extra

Front 435

developing baby is a

Back 435

fetus

Front 436

in _ dominance, the phenotype of heterozygous individuals is intermediate between those of two homozygous

Back 436

???

Front 437

in___, both alleles are expressed equally

Back 437

codominance

Front 438

traits controlled by more than two alleles have ___ alleles

Back 438

multiple

Front 439

the __ are the first 22 pairs of chromosomes

Back 439

autosomes

Front 440

structural changes in chromosomes are called _ mutations

Back 440

structural

Front 441

the 23rd pair is the _ chromosomes

Back 441

sex

Front 442

XY is the pair for

Back 442

male

Front 443

XX is the pair for

Back 443

female

Front 444

disorder which causes a problem with blood clotting

Back 444

genetic clotting disorder

Front 445

Down syndrome is cause by trisomy ___

Back 445

interbreeding

Front 446

any agent that causes a change in dna is a

Back 446

mutagen

Front 447

graphic representation of genetic inheritance is a

Back 447

pedigree

Front 448

half - shaded square or circle in a pedigree represents a _. what does the slash mean?

Back 448

the person may be deceased

Front 449

polydactyl means having _ fingers

Back 449

extra

Front 450

developing baby is a

Back 450

fetus

Front 451

in _ dominance, the phenotype of heterozygous individuals is intermediate between those of two homozygous

Back 451

???

Front 452

in___, both alleles are expressed equally

Back 452

codominance

Front 453

traits controlled by more than two alleles have ___ alleles

Back 453

multiple

Front 454

the __ are the first 22 pairs of chromosomes

Back 454

autosomes

Front 455

structural changes in chromosomes are called _ mutations

Back 455

structural

Front 456

the 23rd pair is the _ chromosomes

Back 456

sex

Front 457

XY is the pair for

Back 457

male

Front 458

XX is the pair for

Back 458

female

Front 459

disorder which causes a problem with blood clotting

Back 459

genetic clotting disorder

Front 460

Down syndrome is cause by trisomy ___

Back 460

21

Front 461

mating between closely related individuals is known as

Back 461

incest

Front 462

any agent that causes a change in dna is a

Back 462

mutagen

Front 463

graphic representation of genetic inheritance is a

Back 463

pedigree

Front 464

half - shaded square or circle in a pedigree represents a _. what does the slash mean?

Back 464

the person may be deceased

Front 465

polydactyl means having _ fingers

Back 465

extra

Front 466

developing baby is a

Back 466

fetus

Front 467

in _ dominance, the phenotype of heterozygous individuals is intermediate between those of two homozygous

Back 467

???

Front 468

in___, both alleles are expressed equally

Back 468

codominance

Front 469

traits controlled by more than two alleles have ___ alleles

Back 469

multiple

Front 470

the __ are the first 22 pairs of chromosomes

Back 470

autosomes

Front 471

structural changes in chromosomes are called _ mutations

Back 471

structural

Front 472

the 23rd pair is the _ chromosomes

Back 472

sex

Front 473

XY is the pair for

Back 473

male

Front 474

XX is the pair for

Back 474

female

Front 475

disorder which causes a problem with blood clotting

Back 475

genetic clotting disorder

Front 476

Down syndrome is cause by trisomy ___

Back 476

21

Front 477

mating between closely related individuals is known as

Back 477

incest

Front 478

cross of an individual with an unknown genotype with a genotype

Back 478

testcross

Front 479

any agent that causes a change in dna is a

Back 479

mutagen

Front 480

graphic representation of genetic inheritance is a

Back 480

pedigree

Front 481

half - shaded square or circle in a pedigree represents a _. what does the slash mean?

Back 481

the person may be deceased

Front 482

polydactyl means having _ fingers

Back 482

extra

Front 483

developing baby is a

Back 483

fetus

Front 484

in _ dominance, the phenotype of heterozygous individuals is intermediate between those of two homozygous

Back 484

???

Front 485

in___, both alleles are expressed equally

Back 485

codominance

Front 486

traits controlled by more than two alleles have ___ alleles

Back 486

multiple

Front 487

the __ are the first 22 pairs of chromosomes

Back 487

autosomes

Front 488

structural changes in chromosomes are called _ mutations

Back 488

structural

Front 489

the 23rd pair is the _ chromosomes

Back 489

sex

Front 490

XY is the pair for

Back 490

male

Front 491

XX is the pair for

Back 491

female

Front 492

disorder which causes a problem with blood clotting

Back 492

genetic clotting disorder

Front 493

Down syndrome is cause by trisomy ___

Back 493

21

Front 494

mating between closely related individuals is known as

Back 494

incest

Front 495

cross of an individual with an unknown genotype with a genotype

Back 495

testcross

Front 496

use a purebred recessive in a __ when you are unsure of the mate's genotype

Back 496

testcross

Front 497

any agent that causes a change in dna is a

Back 497

mutagen

Front 498

graphic representation of genetic inheritance is a

Back 498

pedigree

Front 499

half - shaded square or circle in a pedigree represents a _. what does the slash mean?

Back 499

the person may be deceased

Front 500

polydactyl means having _ fingers

Back 500

extra

Front 501

developing baby is a

Back 501

fetus

Front 502

in _ dominance, the phenotype of heterozygous individuals is intermediate between those of two homozygous

Back 502

???

Front 503

in___, both alleles are expressed equally

Back 503

codominance

Front 504

traits controlled by more than two alleles have ___ alleles

Back 504

multiple

Front 505

the __ are the first 22 pairs of chromosomes

Back 505

autosomes

Front 506

structural changes in chromosomes are called _ mutations

Back 506

structural

Front 507

the 23rd pair is the _ chromosomes

Back 507

sex

Front 508

XY is the pair for

Back 508

male

Front 509

XX is the pair for

Back 509

female

Front 510

disorder which causes a problem with blood clotting

Back 510

genetic clotting disorder

Front 511

Down syndrome is cause by trisomy ___

Back 511

21

Front 512

mating between closely related individuals is known as

Back 512

incest

Front 513

cross of an individual with an unknown genotype with a genotype

Back 513

testcross

Front 514

use a purebred recessive in a __ when you are unsure of the mate's genotype

Back 514

testcross

Front 515

__ engineering is a fast method for increasing the frequency of a specific allele in a population

Back 515

genetic

Front 516

any agent that causes a change in dna is a

Back 516

mutagen

Front 517

graphic representation of genetic inheritance is a

Back 517

pedigree

Front 518

half - shaded square or circle in a pedigree represents a _. what does the slash mean?

Back 518

the person may be deceased

Front 519

polydactyl means having _ fingers

Back 519

extra

Front 520

developing baby is a

Back 520

fetus

Front 521

in _ dominance, the phenotype of heterozygous individuals is intermediate between those of two homozygous

Back 521

???

Front 522

in___, both alleles are expressed equally

Back 522

codominance

Front 523

traits controlled by more than two alleles have ___ alleles

Back 523

multiple

Front 524

the __ are the first 22 pairs of chromosomes

Back 524

autosomes

Front 525

structural changes in chromosomes are called _ mutations

Back 525

structural

Front 526

the 23rd pair is the _ chromosomes

Back 526

sex

Front 527

XY is the pair for

Back 527

male

Front 528

XX is the pair for

Back 528

female

Front 529

disorder which causes a problem with blood clotting

Back 529

genetic clotting disorder

Front 530

Down syndrome is cause by trisomy ___

Back 530

21

Front 531

mating between closely related individuals is known as

Back 531

incest

Front 532

cross of an individual with an unknown genotype with a genotype

Back 532

testcross

Front 533

use a purebred recessive in a __ when you are unsure of the mate's genotype

Back 533

testcross

Front 534

__ engineering is a fast method for increasing the frequency of a specific allele in a population

Back 534

genetic

Front 535

genetic engineering gives fast results, & the use of __ in making insulin is an example

Back 535

protein

Front 536

any agent that causes a change in dna is a

Back 536

mutagen

Front 537

graphic representation of genetic inheritance is a

Back 537

pedigree

Front 538

half - shaded square or circle in a pedigree represents a _. what does the slash mean?

Back 538

the person may be deceased

Front 539

polydactyl means having _ fingers

Back 539

extra

Front 540

developing baby is a

Back 540

fetus

Front 541

in _ dominance, the phenotype of heterozygous individuals is intermediate between those of two homozygous

Back 541

???

Front 542

in___, both alleles are expressed equally

Back 542

codominance

Front 543

traits controlled by more than two alleles have ___ alleles

Back 543

multiple

Front 544

the __ are the first 22 pairs of chromosomes

Back 544

autosomes