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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the three major parts of a tree?
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roots, trunk, crown
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What are the five primary functions of roots?
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1) anchor the tree 2) store food for future growth 3) take in nutrients and water from soil 4) transport the water, nutrients, hormones and sugars 5) produce some hormones
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What are surface rooted trees?
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extend roots laterally in a wide are below tree (birch, elm, hemlock, spruce)
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What are deep rooted trees?
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have taproots that etend down into the soil strata (pines). less susceptible to being blown by winds (hickory, oak, walnut)
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What do root hairs do?
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take in nutrients and water from the soil
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What are mycorrhizae?
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fungi living on pine roots that aid in taking in nutrients and water instead of root hairs
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What is the main purpose of the trunk?
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to support and move water and nutrients
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What are the two bark layers?
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outer (protection from weather, insects, fungi, disease, fire) and inner--phloem
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What is phloem?
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inner bark that moves food prodce by leaves down to different parts of the tree
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What is cambium?
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think layer of cells that produces phloem and xylem
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What is xylem (sapwood)?
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living wood of the tree that carries nutrients and water to thecrown of the tree from the roots
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What is the heartwood?
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old cells that are dead, provide strength and support
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What is the very center of the tree called?
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pith
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What are the main purposes of the crown?
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photosynthesis, transpiration, respiration
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in a leaf, what layer contains the chloroplasts?
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mesophyll
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What are vascular bundles?
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the vein of the leaf in the spongy mesophyll which contain the xylem and phloem
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What is pollination?
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the transfer of pollen from the stamen to the pistil, or from the male to the female portion of the plant
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What is fertilization?
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the uniting of the sperm and egg (pollen nucleii and ovule) to form a fertilized egg, called a zygote
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What is germination?
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process by which a seed begins to develop into a new organism
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What does dioecious mean?
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plants that produce both male and female parts on separate trees (Persimmon and Holly)
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What are the three parts of a pistil?
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stigma, style, ovary
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What are the two parts of the stamen?
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anther, filament
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What are five ways that seeds travel?
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1) animals 2) wind 3) water 4) gravity 5) special adaptations
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What is suckering?
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when the tree sends up shoots from the root system under t he soil of a standing living tree (black locust)
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