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83 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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fossil fuels
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all contain carbon and no oxygen
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petroleum
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rock oil
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first oil well drilled
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col. drake 1859, 69' deep
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oil
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comes from marine organisms
200' of organic matter to make 1" of oil |
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organic matter
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contains c,h,o.... oil just contains c,h
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anticline trap
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oil in stone trapped underneath surface
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sandstone
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highly porous, where oil is found
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deepest oil well
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32,000' in oklahoma, dry well
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2 oil drilling methods
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cable tool
rotary |
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drilling mud
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lubricates drill bit, keeps cool, brings up cut rock, prevents cavein
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rockafeller
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controlled 90% of oil before teddy roosevelt split up
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7 sister oil companies
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mobil, shell, texaco, socal, arco, gulf, standard indiana
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OPEC
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1960 organization for petroleum exporting countries
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arab oil embargo
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1974
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Oil in US
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60% of oil in US is imported
22 million barrels used daily |
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1 barrel of oil
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42 gallons
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barrel of oil used for gas
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1/2
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largest known reserves
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saudi- 170 bbl(billion barrels)
kuwait- 70 bbl russia- 65bbl iraq iran 50bbl |
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Coal
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fossil fuel made from plants organic matter
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peat
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worst coal, low energy, high pollutant, youngest
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lignite
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lower energy coal, higher pollution, mined in texas
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butiminous
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medium energy, less pollutant, medium age found in midwest
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anthracite
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highest energy, oldest, least pollution, found in pa, wv, east
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Largest coal reserves
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russia- 23%
US- 21% China- 15% |
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disadvantages of coal
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dirty, bulky inconvenient energy source, pollution
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advantages of coal
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pretty cheap, very abundant
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Natural gas
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methane CH4, clean burning
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CNG
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compressed natural gas
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source of fossil fuels
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previously living organisms
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tar sands
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canada, being mined for petroleum
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oil shale
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takes lots of water and energy to extract petroleum
wyoming and colorado |
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electricity source
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almost all from heating water and producing steam to turn turbine and generate energy
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nuclear energy
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water heated by reaction
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glen rose nuclear plant
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two 550megawatt reactors
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fission
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break up or split of atoms
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proton
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atomic mass 1
charge + |
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neutron
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atomic mass 1
charge 0 |
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electron
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atomic mass 1/2000
charge - |
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Isotope
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same element different mass
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radioisotope
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radioactive isotope
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alpha radiation
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has mass, most harmful
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atom
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protons neutrons and electrons
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radioactive plants
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produce radioactive glucose which is bad
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beta radiation
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has mass, accelerated electrons e-, still damaging but not as bad as alpha
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gamma radiation
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no mass or light properties, ionizing radiation
x-rays |
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chain reaction
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continuous splitting of atoms bu neutrons, producing heat energy
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nuclear explosion requires
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10% fissionable uranium
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fuel cell
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3% fissionable
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rods in reactor
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absorb neutrons, and control chain reactions
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renewable energy
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large electric motor all the way to incandecent light bulbs
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solar energy
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active- heating of water using sunlight
passive- heating of air (greenhouse effect) photovoltaic |
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photovoltaic
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direct conversion of sunlight to electricity, solar panels and cells
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wind power adv disadv
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renewable resource, no pollution, but is loud, and wind isnt constant
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alternative energy sources
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solar, wind, hydroelectric, tidal, geothermal (iceland), hydrogen, burning of garbage amsterdam
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energy consumption humans w/o fire
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2,000 kcal/day
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energy consump. primative agriculture
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12,000 kcal/day
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energy consump. 1860 indust revolution
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70,000 kcal/day
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current energy consumption
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US 230,000 kcal/day
UK 150,000 kcal/day russia mexico india--- 7 kcal/day |
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US energy consumption
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25% of worlds total consumption
with only 5% of worlds pop. |
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h20
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hydrogen always 105 degrees apart
atomic mass=18 -highly polar, high surface tension |
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"like dissolves like"
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polar mollecules dissolves in water
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H20 conducting electricity
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if you put nacl in water, the cations (positive) and anions (negative) particles will make water conduct electricity
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dissolved particles in water
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a)ions and b)mollecules said to be dissolved if either or both are completely surrounded by h20
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Mollecules
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electrically neutral particles dissolved in water
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ions
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electrically charged particles dissolved in water
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D.O.
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dissolved oxygen
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ppm
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parts per million
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known oxygen content in water
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0-10 ppm
ex 8ppm= 8parts o2/1000000 parts h20 |
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sources of oxygen for water
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atmosphere (air)
plants (photosynthesis) |
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thermal stratification of lakes
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lakes layered according to temperature
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max water density
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4 degress celcius at the bottom
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D.O. thermal strat graph
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instead of 4degrees celcius, its 0ppm
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epilmnion
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upper warmer zone in thermal strat of lake
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thermocline
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buffer region of rapid temp change between epilmnion and hypolimnion
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hypolimnion
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lower cold stratus in lakes
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algal bloom
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nutrients added to water
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eutrophication
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to enrich water with minerals, usually bad
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holly street plant
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our water treatment plant
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cl2 gas
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added in treatment to kill bacteria
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village creek
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waste water treatment plant
120 million gallons per day |
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primary water treatment
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physical filtration
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secondary water treatment
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biologica
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E.Coli
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bacteria "indicator organism" means that human waste is in product
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