Env Sci Exam 3

Front 1

Neritic Zone

Back 1

marine shallow zone, equivalent to littoral zone

Front 2

Euphotic Zone

Back 2

open water zone, equivalent to limnetic zone

Front 3

Bathyal Zone

Back 3

semidarkness zone of open water

Front 4

Abyssal Zone

Back 4

marine equivalent of benthic zone, bottom zone

Front 5

Limnetic Zone

Back 5

open water beyond the littoral zone

Front 6

Profundal Zone

Back 6

extends to lake bottom

Front 7

Littoral Zone

Back 7

shallow margin, has rooted plants

Front 8

During summer, what layer of the lake has the highest oxygen concentration?

Back 8

Limnetic Zone

Front 9

What wetland system has a riparian zone?

Back 9

Riverine System

Front 10

What includes fens, bogs, and peatlands?

Back 10

Palustrine System

Front 11

Where would you find a Posocin?

Back 11

Palustrine System

Front 12

What is an example of an estuarine wetland?

Back 12

Tidal Salt Marches, Mangrove Swamps

Front 13

Hydrophytes

Front 14

Emergent Plants

Back 14

Plants that extend above the water

Front 15

Floating Plants

Back 15

Float on the surface, but may have roots to the bottom

Front 16

Submergents

Back 16

Plants that are completely underwater

Front 17

Plankton

Back 17

Live on the bottom of the littoral zone

Front 18

What are the difficulties with wetland delineation?

Back 18

Boundaries diffuse, water level varies with season, human activities can change land characteristics

Front 19

Which wetland system is described as having a salinity above 30 parts per thousand?

Back 19

Marine Systems

Front 20

How much of the earth's land surface is covered by wetlands?

Back 20

6% of Earth's Land Surface

Front 21

On which continent do we NOT find wetlands?

Back 21

Antarctica

Front 22

What are the functions of wetlands?

Back 22

Hydrologic processes: act like a sponge, stores water

Water quality improvement: help purify water

Wildlife habitat: provide breeding grounds for many species

Front 23

Which type of steam is only flowing during one part of the year?

Back 23

Ephemeral

Front 24

Which type of stream tends to meander?

Back 24

Ephemeral

Front 25

What contributes to sand dune formation?

Back 25

Sand, strong regular winds, and large tidal ranges

Front 26

What type of rock contributes to the formation of steep cliffs?

Back 26

Harder rocks

Front 27

True or false: Barrier Islands are a highly dynamic environment, constantly changing size and shape due to erosion.

Back 27

True

Front 28

Groins

Back 28

piers of stone perpendicular to coastlines, trap sand

Front 29

Subsidence

Back 29

sinking of the earth's surface caused by removal of underground resources

Front 30

Beach Nourishment

Back 30

Taking sand from another place and putting it on the beach, expensive and temporary

Front 31

What is point source water pollution?

Back 31

Source is a well defined location, can pick out the source

Front 32

Output control

Back 32

control pollution after it has been produced

Front 33

Input control

Back 33

elimination of pollution by changing inputs at a factory

Front 34

Throughput controls

Back 34

alter production of wastes in the process

Front 35

Oligotrophic Lake

Back 35

nutrient poor, tend to be deep, have clear water, minimal plankton and rooted vegetation, sandy/gravel bottom

lake superior

Front 36

Mesotrophic Lake

Back 36

medium nutrient supply

good for swimming and fishing

Front 37

Eutrophic Lake

Back 37

nutrient rich, tend to be shallow, turbid water, lots of plankton and rooted vegetation, muddy bottom

algal blooms

Front 38

True or False: Returning process water to the water source at a significantly higher temperature can cause a drop in dissolved oxygen.

Back 38

True

Front 39

What are the beneficial effects of heated water?

Back 39

Can be sprayeed onto fruit trees to prevent frost damage

can be used in a fish hatchery or river to accelerate growth

co-generation

Front 40

What is the function of chlorine in drinking water supplies?

Back 40

To clean out the bacteria

Front 41

Toxic Organic Chemicals

Back 41

Drugs, plastics, solvents

Resist decompostition by bacteria, sun, air, water

Front 42

Heavy Metals

Back 42

highly toxic elements such as lead and mercury

Front 43

Oxygen Demanding Organic Wastes

Back 43

a type of water pollutant that is broken down by naturally occurring microorganisms that consume dissolved oxygen lowering the level of oxygen available for other species

sewage

Front 44

Hormone Disruptors

Back 44

alter human function

Front 45

Primary Treatment of Sewage

Back 45

sewage is cleaned of solids and then chlorinated

Front 46

Secondary Treatment of Sewage

Back 46

biological treatment of waste, uses aerobic bacteria to break down degradable organic materials

Front 47

Tertiary Treatment of Sewage

Back 47

removes nitrates and phosphates

Front 48

What do combined sewers have a problem with?

Back 48

overloading

Front 49

What is a leach field?

Back 49

area where effluent water seeps through the soil where it is filtered

Front 50

What can sewage be used as?

Back 50

fuel, livestock feed, soil conditioner, fertilizer, building materials

Front 51

Goal of Federal Water Control Act

Back 51

make nation's water swimmable and fishable by 1985

Front 52

Goal of Clean Water Act

Back 52

requires secondary treatment of waste water

Front 53

Goal of Safe Drinking Water Act

Back 53

EPA to set standards for safe drinking water

Front 54

Goal of Emergency Planning and Community Right to Know Act

Back 54

public access to reports