English Study Notes

Front 1

Rhyming Couplet

Back 1

A pair of rhyming lines.

E.g, I'll go along no such sight to be shown,
But to rejoice in splendor of my own

Front 2

Soliloquy

Back 2

A speech by a character who is alone or believes him/herself to be alone on stage. It is often an internal debate

Front 3

Oxymoron

Back 3

A contradiction in words

E.g. Heavy Lightness, Cold Fire

Front 4

Aside

Back 4

When a character in a play talks directly to the audience (other characters on stage are oblivious

Front 5

Imagery

Back 5

The use of similes, metaphors and emotionally charged words or phrases that conjure up vivid mental pictures in the imagination

Front 6

Prolouge

Back 6

An introduction to a play or story. It sets the scene

Front 7

Monologue

Back 7

When a character speaks at length to another

Front 8

Sonnet

Back 8

A 14 line poem with 10 syllables in each line. A sonnet has three sections:
- First 8 Lines: Rhyme (ABABCDCD)
- Next 4 lines: Rhyme (EFEF)
- A rhyming couplet

Front 9

Blank Verse

Back 9

An unrhymed verse that is written in iambic pentameter

E.g. But Soft! What light through yon-der windown breaks?

Front 10

Iambic Pentameter

Back 10

The usual pattern of verse which has a weak syllable followed by a strong syllable. 5 Stresses or 10 syllables

E.g. Di dum di dum di dum di dum di dum

Front 11

Prose

Back 11

Normal speech (not poetry) and is usually spoken by minor characters

Front 12

The Globe

Back 12

Built in 1599, owned by the Lord Chamberlain Men. It could seat up to 3000 people. The globe burnt down in 1618

Front 13

Acting Group

Back 13

Shakespeare was part of a small acting group called the Lord Chamberlain's Men

Front 14

Elizabethan Era

Back 14

1558-1603
- Peace and prosperity while arts flourished
- Famous for it's theatre and works of Shakespeare
- Considered to be the Golden Age for English history

Front 15

Groups Against Theatres

Back 15

Religious leaders condemned the theater for encourage immorality and laziness. Authorities objected theaters because they believed it corrupted people's morals and values. London authorities tried to restrict the number of theatres being built and tried to shut down those that existed.

Front 16

Birth, Death and Retirment

Back 16

Birth: 23rd of April, 1564
Death: 23rd of April, 1616
Retirement: Wrote 37 plays before he retired in 1610

Front 17

Historical Context

Back 17

- Rapidly growing population
- High inflation
- Poverty and disease, in particular the bubonic plague)
- Under the reign of Queen Elizabeth 1 ( Leader in a male dominated time)

Front 18

Spouse

Back 18

Married an Hathaway in 1582. She was 8 years older then Shakespeare and pregnant

Front 19

After Leaving School

Back 19

Left school at 14. Uncertainty of what he did, speculations that he worked at a local butcher as an apprentice.

Front 20

Parents

Back 20

Father: John Shakespeare, a glove maker. In the local council, rose to the position of major
Mother: Mary Arden, came from a royal family. Inherited her father's farm

Front 21

Moving to London

Back 21

First record of him London was in 1582. Moved as London dominated the country in both it's size and it's influence on the intellectual and cultural life of the people

Front 22

Money Making

Back 22

- Owned a share in the Globe. (12.5%)
- Shares in the Blackfriars theatre

Front 23

Shakespeare's Children

Back 23

- Hamnet
- Susanna
- Judith

Front 24

Symbolim

Back 24

Uses signs and shapes to represent/symbolise something with a meaning (Social and cultural context)

Front 25

Homophone

Back 25

Words that sound the same but look different and have different meanings
- Buy, by and bye
- Aloud, allowed

Front 26

Homonym

Back 26

Words that sound the same but have different meanings
- Spring
- Hearing
- Type

Front 27

Words that look the same but don't sound the same nor have the same meaning

Back 27

- Live
- Read
- Wear

Front 28

Simile

Back 28

Comparing two things using the words 'like' or 'as'

Front 29

Metaphor

Back 29

Comparing two things by saying that one thing is another

Front 30

Personification

Back 30

Give an inanimate object a human feature/characteristic

Front 31

Structure of a feature article

Back 31

- Headline
- Introduction
- Body of the feature article
- Conclusion

Front 32

Headline of a feature article

Back 32

- Grabs the reader's attention
- Highlights the main idea of the article

Front 33

Introduction of a feature article

Back 33

- Outlines the central issue
- Can use an anecdote to illustrate the central issue
- Provokes the readers interests by an unusual statement or controversial statement
- Establishes the writers tone and creates a relationship with the reader

Front 34

Body of a feature article

Back 34

- Statement of the issue supported by facts, quotes, and summed with personal comment
- Includes facts to support the writer's opinion
- Includes opinions, quotes and interviews
- Additional facts and quotes to illustrate the issue
- Writers tone evident through the language

Front 35

Conclusion of a feature article

Back 35

- Statement of the issue should summarise the writer's attitude
- Reminds the reader of article's main idea

Front 36

Language Features of Feature Article (Quotes and Leads)

Back 36

Quotations: Quotes from eyewitnesses, sources or experts are included in the text
Leads: A successful lead will accomplish three objectives
- Attract the reader
- Give the reader the central idea
- Lead the reader into the story

Front 37

Language Features of Feature Article (Transitions and Endings)

Back 37

Transition
- Good transitions means that one paragraph moves slowly to the next one
- Good transitions work by repeating a word, phrase, or idea that has been used in the paragraph immediately before

Endings
- Connects an idea that has been developed in the leave
- Conclusion is strutted the same way as the lead

Front 38

Language Features of Feature Article (Register and Key Words)

Back 38

Register
- Use emotive language
- More creative then newspaper articles
- Appeal to emotions

Key words
- Words that relate to the specific subject

Front 39

Language Features of Feature Article (Active verb/voice, passive verb/voice)

Back 39

Active verb/voice
- Makes the writing more dramatic, immediate and exciting
- Used in present tense to sensationalise and event and make out that action is still going on. Providing a sense of immediacy.

Passive verb/voice
- Gentler then active verbs, less aggressive
- Manipulates the reader’s feelings towards a subject
- Are “more wordy’ then active verbs and tend to “tone down” our reactions.