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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what is prescriptive grammar?
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the teaching of how we should talk
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what is descriptive grammar?
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describing how people speak in everyday situations
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True or False: Every dialect is equally grammatical?
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True
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What is language usage that varies from one region of the country to another?
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Regionalisms
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Grammar 1 definition:
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The system of rules in our heads
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Grammar 2 definition:
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The formal description of the rules
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Grammar 3:
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The social implications of usage, also known as "linguistic etiquette"
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Phonology
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sound system
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Morphology
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units and words
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Syntax
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phrase structures and patterns
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What is a synthetic language?
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One that is highly inflected
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The period of Middle English lasted from ?-?
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1066-1473
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When was the Normal Conquest?
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1066
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What was significant about the Norman Conquest?
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William the Conqueror conquered Harold Godwinson; Normans spoke Norman French. French was spoken by aristocracy and English was spoken by lower classes.
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What year did King John lose Normandy?
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1204; The French and English nobility was separated by law; a period of conflict developed between the English and French.
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What was the importance of Chaucer?
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He originally wrote in French but eventually began to write in English. He re-established English as a language of literature.
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What happened in 1399?
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King Henry IV crowned himself king and made his coronation speech in English. He was the first English king to speak English since 1066.
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When was the period of Old English?
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449-1066
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When was the Anglo Saxon Invasion?
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449
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What is a highly inflected language?
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One that is morphological/synthetic language with many word endings
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When was the Christianization of the Anglo-Saxons? Why was it important?
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600-800; Because everyone in the Kingdom was converted and it not only changed their lifestyle, but it brought in a number of Latin words used to describe various aspects of the church and its hierarchy
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Examples of words picked up from the French
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Cattle, Mansion, Prison
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What was the significance of King Alfred during 849-899?
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He was one of the first literate kings and wanted documents into English. Most of the documents we still have in OE are in Alfred's dialect either because he translated them himself or commissioned their translation
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What was commissioned by King Alfred in 890 and written in English?
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The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
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What was the significance of the Dane War?
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Many Old Norse words were added to the English language. Borrowed pronounce and names for days of the week. Endings began to lose importance.
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Three major historical events in chronological order
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449 - Anglo Saxon Invasion
600-800 Christianization of the Anglo-Saxons 830-1000 Danish Invasions |
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What is a dialect?
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Mutually intelligible variation of a language
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What was the Statute of Pleading?
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King Henry's coronation speech was in English. Up until that point, French had been the language of the land, but commoners couldn't understand it. The statute mandated it.
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What happened during the Great Vowel Shift?
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It happened during the 15th and 18th century, it happened in 8 steps. Long vowels changed places of articulation in the mouth. People of difference ages/classes pronounced vowels.
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When was the printing press invented?
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1440
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The definition of Grammar:
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our innate, subconscious ability to generate language, an internal system of rules that constitutes our human language capacity.
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When was the NCTE implemented?
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1974
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