English

Front 1

Diction

Back 1

Writers choice of words

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Poetic Diction

Back 2

Useof elevated language isntead of ordinary language

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Formal Diction

Back 3

Consists of dignified, impersonal, and elevated use of language

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Middle Diction

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Maintains correct diction usage, less elevated

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Informal Diction

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Plain language of everyday use

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Dialect

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Type of informational diction. Spoken by people from a certain geographical region. Difference in class.

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Jargon

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A categorie of language defined by a trade or profession.

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Denotations

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Literal dictionary meaning of words

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Conotation

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Associations and implications that go beyond a word's literal meaning

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Persona

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Speaker created by the poet.
Ex: Death of a ball turret gunner

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Ambiguity

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Allows two or more simultaneous interpretations of a word, phrase, action, or situation. Ball Turret

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Syntax

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Ordering of words into meaningful verbal patterns.

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Tone

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Writer's attitude towards the subject

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Carpe Diem

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Seize the day. Virgins

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Allusion

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A brief refernce to a person, place, thing, event, or idea in history or literature.

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Image

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Language that addresses the sense.

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Figures of Speach

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Way of saying one thing in terms of something else.

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Simile

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Makes an explicit comparison between two things by using words sucs as like, as, than, appears

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Metaphor

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Makes a comparison between two unlike things, but it does so without words suchs as like or as

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Implied Metaphor

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Does no explicitly identify the man with a mule. It hints or alludes to the mule.

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Extended Metaphor

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Compares poetry to a game of catch.

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Synecdoche

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Part of something is used to signify the whole

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Metonymy

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Something closely associated with a subject is substituted for it

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Personification

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Human characteristics to nonhuman things

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Apostrophe

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An address either to someone who is absent and therefore cannot hear the speaker or to something nonhuman that cannot comprehend.

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Hyperbole

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Adds emphasis without intending to be literally true. Overstatment

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Understatement

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Says less than is what intended

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Paradox

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Appears to be self-contradicting, but on second look appears to be true

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Oxymoron

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Two contradictory words are used together

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Symbol

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Something that represents something else.

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Allegory

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Narration or description usually restricted to a single meaning. Represents specific abstractions or ideas

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Didactic poetry

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Teach an ethical, moral, or religious lesson

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Irony

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Revels a discrepency between what appears to be and what is actually true.

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Cosmic irony

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Writer uses God, destiny, or fate to dash the hopes and expectations of a character or humankind

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Satire

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Literary art of ridiculing a folly or vice in an effort to expose or correct it.

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Onomatopoeia

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Word that resembles the sound it denotes

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Alliteration

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Repetition of the same consonant sound at the beginnings or nerby words

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Assonance

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Repetition of the same vowel sounds

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Rhyme

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Way of creating sound patterns

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Eye rhyme

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Spellings are similar but the pronunciations are not

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End rhyme

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Comes at the ends of the lines

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Internal rhyme

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At least one of the rhymed words within the line

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Feminine/Masculine rhyme

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Rhymed stressed syllable followed by at least one rhymed unstressed syllable/rhyming single-syllable words

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Consonance

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identical consonant sound preceded by a different vowel sound

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Meter

Back 45

Rhythmic pattern of stresses recures in a poem

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Prosody

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Taken together, all the metrical elements in a poem

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Scansion

Back 47

Measuring the stresses in a line to determine its metrical pattern

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Rising meter
Falling meter

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Iambic and anapestic are rising because they move from unstressed to stressed.

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Foot

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Metrical unit by which a line is measured

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Line

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Measured by the number of feet they contain

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Iambic pentameter

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iambic rhythm falls into five feet

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Blank Verse

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Unrhythemed iambic pentameter

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Spondee

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A two-syllable foot in which both syllables are stressed

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Caesura

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Pause within a line

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End-stopped line

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Pause at the end

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Run-on line

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Line ends without a pause and continues on to the next line

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Enjambment

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Running on from one line to another

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Couplet

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Two lines that rhyme and have same meter

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Tercet

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Three line stanza

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Quatrain

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four line stanza

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Epigram

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Brief pointed and witty poem

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Elegy

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lyric poem written to commemorate someone who is dead