English 103 Clep Test

Front 1

Syntax

Back 1

The arrangement of words, phrases, and clauses to form a sentence

Front 2

Parallelism/parallel structure

Back 2

Occurs when phrases or clauses within a sentence contain the same structure

Front 3

Gerund Form

Back 3

Verb + ing

ie knitting, cooking

Front 4

Infinitive Form

Back 4

To + verb

ie to knit, to cook

Front 5

Conjunctions

Back 5

Vital words that connect words, phrases, thoughts and ideas

Front 6

Coordinating Conjunctions

Back 6

Primary class. Placed between words, phrases, clauses and sentences of equal grammatical rank

Front 7

Subordinating Conjunctions

Back 7

Secondary class. Connect two unequal parts

Front 8

Phrase

Back 8

A group of words that does not contain both a subject and a verb

Front 9

Sentence

Back 9

A group of words that make up a grammatical unit

Front 10

Declarative Sentence

Back 10

A simple statement that ends with a period

Front 11

Declarative Sentence

Back 11

A simple statement that ends with a period

Front 12

Imperative Sentence

Back 12

A command or request that ends with a period

Front 13

Declarative Sentence

Back 13

A simple statement that ends with a period

Front 14

Imperative Sentence

Back 14

A command or request that ends with a period

Front 15

Interrogative

Back 15

A question, ends with a question mark

Front 16

Exclamatory

Back 16

A statement or command that expresses strong emotion, ends with an exclamation mark

Front 17

Antecedent

Back 17

The noun to which a pronoun refers

Front 18

Pronoun Reference

Back 18

The idea that the pronoun should refer clearly to one, unmistakable noun

Front 19

Pronoun-antecedent Agreement

Back 19

The need for the antecedent and the pronoun to agree in gender, person, and number

Front 20

Subjective Pronouns

Back 20

The subject of a sentence.

I, you, he/she/it, we, they, and who

Front 21

Objective Pronouns

Back 21

The object of the action.

Me, you, him/her, us, them, and whom

Front 22

Possessive Pronouns

Back 22

Used to denote someone/thing belonging to someone/thing else.

My, mine, your, yours, his, hers, its, their, theirs, our, and ours

Front 23

Subject Verb Agreement

Back 23

The idea that a subject and its verb must agree in number. ie. plural subject requires plural verb

Front 24

Verb

Back 24

The part of speech that describes an action, state of being, or occurence

Front 25

Helping Verbs

Back 25

Verbs that assist main verbs in expressing tense, ability, possibility, permission or obligation

ie Have, do, can, may, should, must, will

Front 26

Participles

Back 26

Formed from verbs and modify a noun, noun phrase, verb or verb phrase

ie. the running teenager; He is speaking

Front 27

Present Tense

Back 27

Tense used when an action is current or ongoing

Front 28

Past tense

Back 28

Tense used when an action or state of being is in the past

Front 29

Future Tense

Back 29

Tense used when an action will occur in the future, or for a future state of being

Front 30

Present Perfect Tense

Back 30

Tense used when an action began in the past but continues into the present

Front 31

Past Perfect Tense

Back 31

Tense used when one action was finished before another action took place

Front 32

Future Perfect Tense

Back 32

Tense used when an action will be completed at some point in the future

Front 33

Diction

Back 33

An author's choice of words

Front 34

Language

Back 34

A tool for communication that may be spoken, unspoken, written, or codified in other ways

Front 35

Dialect

Back 35

A distinct variety of a language in terms of patterns of grammar, vocabulary, and/or phonology that distinguish it from other forms of that language

Front 36

Phonology

Back 36

The sounds used by speakers of a language or dialect

Front 37

Mutually Intelligible

Back 37

The idea that dialects are not considered to be separate languages if speakers of each are able to understand each other

Front 38

Pidgin

Back 38

The result of speakers of different languages begin utilizing a simplified mixture of elements from the two languages to communicated with each other

Front 39

Creole

Back 39

When a pidgin becomes widely used and is taught to children as their native language (ie Hatian Creole)

Front 40

Accent

Back 40

A unique speech pattern, particularly in terms of tone or intonation

Front 41

Colloquial Language

Back 41

Language that is used conversationally or familiarly, as opposed to formally or academically

Front 42

Vernacular

Back 42

The native, everyday language of a place

Front 43

Regionalism

Back 43

A word or expression used in a particular region

Front 44

Jargon

Back 44

Vocabulary used within a specialized field

Front 45

Slang

Back 45

Non-standard expressions that are not used in elevated speech and writing

Front 46

Connotation

Back 46

Refers to the implied meaning of a word or phrase

Front 47

Denotation

Back 47

The literal definition of a word or phrase

Front 48

Technical Language

Back 48

Terminology that is specific to a particular industry and best understood by those specializing in that industry

Front 49

Modifiers

Back 49

Words that enhance meaning by clarifying or giving greater detail about another part of a sentence

Front 50

Misplaced Modifier

Back 50

A modifier that is not located appropriately in relation to the word or phrase it modifies

Front 51

Dangling Modifier

Back 51

A modifier that applies to a word or phrase that is note readily apparent in the sentence

Front 52

Idiom

Back 52

A figure of speech; a rhetorical device that is not meant to be taken literally

Front 53

Literally

Back 53

Something that is exactly what it says, with no room for interpretation or exaggeration.

One of the most incorrectly used words in the English language

Front 54

Active Voice

Back 54

A sentence structure in which the subject performs the action of the sentence