English 100 Midterm

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short story

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a fictional prose narrative involving one unified episode, and it is often applied to any work of narrative prose fiction shorter than a novel

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Plot

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the sequence of events in a story and their relation to one another

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End Orientation

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the outcome of the action or the conclusion of the plot

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Exposition

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the background or setting of the conflict

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Rising Action

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dramatizes the specific events that set the conflict in motion

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Climax

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the emotional high point of the narration

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Falling Action

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the events that point readers toward the conclusion

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Foreshadowing

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suggest action to come in a story

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Protagonist

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the central character of a story

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Antagonist

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the character who opposes the protagonist

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Characters

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usually people who are involved in what happens in a story

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Setting

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the place and time of the story

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Narrator

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the person who tells the story

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Point of View

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refers to the author's choice of narrator for the story

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First-person narration

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uses the prounoun I. The reader's knowledge is limited to what the narrator has experienced or been told.

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Third-person narration

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use the pronoun he, she, and they. We enter into no character's mind. Since the story has an objective point of view (rather than a subjective or personal one), the story is not shaped by the thoughts of one or more characters.

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Style

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the characteristic way an author uses language to create literature.

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Tone

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The author's implicit attitude toward the reader or the people, places, and events in a work as revealed by the elements of the author's style.

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Irony

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makes the reader aware of a reality that differs from the reality characters perceive (dramatic irony) or from the literal meaning of the author's words (verbal irony)

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Literary Symbol

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anything in a story's setting, plot, or characterization that suggests an abstract meaning to the reader in additon to its literal significance.

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Theme

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a generalization about the meaning of the story

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Motif

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a recurring element - image, phrase, idea situation - whose reappearance unifies a work and is thematically important

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Diction

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a writer's choice of words, phrases, sentence structures, and figurative language, which combine to help create meaning.

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Dramatic Monologue

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a poem uttered by a single speaker who is clearly not the poet, and the utterance takes place at a critical moment, the speaker addresses and interacts with one or more auditors, although this is revealed only by what the single speaker says and the speaker's utterance reveals his or her character to the reader.

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Summary

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a short, simple report of the plot.

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Paraphrase

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a prose restatement of the central ideas of a poem in your own language.

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Allusion

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a brief reference to a person, place, thing, event, or idea in history or in literature. Allusions imply reading and cultural experiences shared by the writer and reader.

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Image

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a word phrase, or figure of speech (especially simile or metaphor) that addresses the senses, suggesting mental pictures of sights, sounds, smells, tastes, feelings, or actions. Images offer sensory impressions to the reader and also convey emotions and moods through their verbal pictures.

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Symbol

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a person, object, image, or event that evokes a range of additional meaning beyond and usually more abstract than its literal significance.

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Private Symbols

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objects that have a special meaning beyond themselves for an individual because of experiences associated with them.

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Traditional Symbols

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images which over the years/centuries have come to have meanings widley attached to them (ie: England's Rose)

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Conventional Symbols

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the associations and meanings particular groups have agreed to give them (ie: swastika)

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End Rhyme

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the most common form of rhyme in poetry; the rhyme comes at the end of the lines.

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Internal Rhyme

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at least one of the rhymed words within the line, as in "dividing and gliding and sliding"

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Rhythm

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a term used to refer to the recurrance of stressed and unstressed sounds in poetry

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Carpe Diem

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latin for "seize the day"

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Ode

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a relatively lengthy lyric poem that often expresses lofty emotions in a dignified style. Characterized by a serious topic, such as truth, art, freedom, justice, or the meaning of life; their tone tends to be formal.

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Sonnet

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a fixed form of lyric poetry that consists of fourteen lines, usually written in iambic pentameter

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Petrarchan sonnet/Italian sonnet

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divided into an octave, which usually rhymes abbaabba, and a sestet, which may have varying rhyme scheme.

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Shakespearean sonnet/English sonnet

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organized in 3 quatrains and a couplet which typically rhyme abab cdcd efef gg.

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Onomatopoeia

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a term referring to the use of a word that resembles the sound it denotes. ie: buzz, rattle, bang, and sizzle.

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Metaphor

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a figure of speech that makes a comparison between 2 unlike things, without using like or as. Talking about one thing in terms or another.

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Implied Metaphor

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a more subtle comparison, the terms are not so specifically explained

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Controlling Metaphor

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runs through an entire work and determines the form or nature of that work.

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Synecdoche

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a kind of metaphor in which a part of something is used to signify the whole, and when a gossip is called a "wagging tongue"

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Metonymy

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a type of metaphor in which something closely associated with a subject is substituted for it. ie: silver screen means motion pictures

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Elegy

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a mournful, contemplative lyric written to commemorate someone who is dead, often ending in consolation.

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Ballad

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traditionally, is a song transmitted orally from generation to generation, that tells a story and that is eventually written down.

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Literary Ballad

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a narrative poem that is written in deliberative imitation of the language, form, and spirit of the traditional ballad

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Iambic Pentameter

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a metrical pattern in poetry that consists of 5 iambic feet ber line (an iamb, or iambic foot, consists of one unstressed syllable followed by a stressed syllable)

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Personification

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a form of metaphor which human characterisitics are attributed to nonhuman things.

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Kate Chopin

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Desiree's Baby

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James Baldwin

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Sonny's Blues

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Sherman Alexie

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The Lone Ranger and Tonto Fistfight in Heaven

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Ralph Ellison

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Battle Royal

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Charlotte Perkins Gilman

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The Yellow Wallpaper

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Franz Kafka

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The Metamorphosis

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Robert Herrick

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To Virgins, to Make Much of Time

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Andrew Marvell

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To His Coy Mistress

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Shakespeare

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That Time of Year Thou Mayest in Me Behold

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Elizabeth Barrett Browning

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How Do I Love Thee

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John Keats

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Ode to a Grecian Urn

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Percy Bysshe Shelley

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Ode to the West Wind

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Sterling A. Brown

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Frankie and Johnny