Energy Changes

Front 1

defined as the capacity to do work

Back 1

energy

Front 2

directed energy change resulting from a process

Back 2

work

Front 3

transfer of thermal energy between two bodies

Back 3

heat

Front 4

study of heat change in chemical reactions

Back 4

thermochemistry

Front 5

specific part of the universe that is of interest to us

Back 5

system

Front 6

the rest of the universe outside the system

Back 6

surroundings

Front 7

can exchange mass and energy

Back 7

open system

Front 8

allows transfer of energy but not mass

Back 8

closed system

Front 9

does not allow transfer of mass and energy

Back 9

isolated system

Front 10

any process that gives off heat or energy/released

Back 10

exothermic process

Front 11

heat has to be supplied to the system by the surrounding/gain

Back 11

endothermic process

Front 12

closed container designed specifically to measure heat changes

Back 12

calorimeter

Front 13

the measurements if heat changes

Back 13

calorimetry

Front 14

amount of heat required to raise the temp. of one gram of substance by one degree celcius

Back 14

specific heat

Front 15

amount of heat required to raise the temperature of a given quantity by one degreee celcius

Back 15

heat capacity

Front 16

specific heat of water

Back 16

4.184 J/g°C

Front 17

steel container filled with oxygen at abount 30 atm

Back 17

constant-volume bomb calorimeter

Front 18

used to determine the heat changes for non combustion reactions

Back 18

constantl-pressure calorimeter

Front 19

there is net increase in the number of moles

Back 19

expansion

Front 20

if more gas molecules are consumed than are produced

Back 20

compression

Front 21

shows the enthalpy change as well as the mass relationships

Back 21

thermochemical equations

Front 22

deals with the interconversion of heat and other forms of energy

Back 22

thermodynamics

Front 23

reaction that does occur under the given set of conditions

Back 23

spontaneous reaction

Front 24

is on that, once started, continuous on its own without input of energy

Back 24

spontaneous process

Front 25

best indicator of spontaneity in a reaction is the change of?

Back 25

entropy

Front 26

what is boltzmann constant?

Back 26

1.38×10^-23 J/K

Front 27

each arrangement of energy of each molecule in the whole system at one instant

Back 27

microstate

Front 28

defined as the entropy of the universe increases in a spontaneous process and remains unchanged in an equilibrium process

Back 28

second law of thermodynamics

Front 29

what does this implies?

∆G<0

Back 29

The reaction is spontaneous in the forward direction

Front 30

∆G>0

Back 30

The reaction is nonspontaneous. reverse directions

Front 31

∆G=0

Back 31

The reaction is at equilibrium

Front 32

described as a measure of how spread out or dispersed the energy of a system

Back 32

entropy