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49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What factors influence resistance in parasite treatment?
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Underdosing, treating with same drug over and over
Host factors: age, nutrition, health, immunity Parasite factors:change in genes, change in P-glycoprotein |
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Benzimidazoles
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Albendazole
Fenbendazole Oxibendazole |
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Benzimidazole MOA
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bind with high affinity to microtubule beta subunit
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Benzimidazole spectrum
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GI and lung nematodes, and cestodes
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Albendazole treats
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ALL parasites: nematodes, cestodes, trematodes
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Febantel is a
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prodrug: becomes fenbendazole, and oxibendazole in the liver
Don't use in animals with liver problems |
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Nicotinic agonist parasite treatment MOA
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nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist
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Nicotinic agonist parasite treatment agents safety
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could possibly effect mammals
SLUDD |
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When using a Nicotinic agonist as parasite treatment don't
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use more than one: Lavamisol, Pyrantel and MOrantel
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Levamisole spectrum
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nematodes
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Pyratnel and Morantel spectrum
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nematodes and some cestodes
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Organophosphate parasite treatment MOA
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Inhibit acetylcholinesterase
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Organophosphate spectrum
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GI nematodes and insects
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Organophosphate Margin of safety
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Low margin of safety because same action in mammals
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Organophosphate drug and availability
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Dichlorvos
Over the counter |
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Piperazine MOA with parasites
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GABA receptor agonist
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Piperazine spectrium
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nematodes: Ascarids specifically
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Diethylcarbamazine MOA
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inhibits peroxide generation and alters arachidonic acid metabolism
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Diethylcarbamazine spectrum
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microfilaria
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Diethylcarbamazine drug and protocol
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Filarabits
Must be given daily |
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Arsenicals MOA
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Unknown
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Arsenical spectrum
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adult heartworms
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Arsenical safety
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narrow margin
can cause pain |
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Arsenical drugs
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Thiacetarsamide: older
melarsomine |
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Melarsomine is
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approved by FDA
2 different protocols |
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Emodepside MOA
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stimulates pre-synaptic latrophlin receptor in parasite, increasing Cl- conduction - flaccid paralysis
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Praziquantel MOA
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Alters intracellular calcium homeostasis, disrupts tegument
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Praziquantel spectrum
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Cestodes and trematodes
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Epsiprantel MOA
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alters intracellular calcium homeostasis, disrupts tegument
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Epsiprantel spectrum
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Cestodes only
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Nitroxynil MOA
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disrupts tegument
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Nitroxynil spectrum
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trematodes
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Closantel MOA
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uncouples oxidative phosphorylation,
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Closantel spectrum
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trematodes
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Clorsulon MOA
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disrupts glycolysis
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Clorsulon spectrum
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Trematodes
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Triclabendazole MOA
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disrupts microtubule formation
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Triclabendazole spectrum
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trematodes
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Macrocyclic Lactone MOA
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potentiates glutamate and GABA gated chloride ion channel - cell hyperpolarization - parasite death.
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Macrocyclic Lactone spectrum
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insects, mites, ticks, nematodes
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Macrocyclic Lactones don't act against
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fleas, cestodes, or trematodes
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Macrocyclic lactone environmental impact
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may kill beneficial beetles
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Avermectins
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Ivermectin
Eprinomectin Doramectin Selamectin |
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Milbemycins
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Moxidectin
Milbemycin oxime |
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Moxidectin characteristics
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lesser effect than ivermectin = less toxicity, larger MOS, safer in ivermectin sensitive breeds
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macrocyclic lactones safe for ivermectin sensitive breeds
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Selamectin
Milbemycin oxime |
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Antitrematode drugs
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Praziquantel
Nitroxynil Closantel Clorsuon Triclabendazole |
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Anticestodes
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Praziquantel
Epsiprantel Pyrantel (some) |
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Antinematodal drugs
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albendazole
Febantel Fenbendazole Oxibendazole levamisole Pyrantel Morantel Organophosphates Piperazine Peithylcarbamazine Melarsomine Emodepside |
