Endoparasites Of Cats And Dogs

Front 1

What nematodes infect cats and dogs?

Back 1

Ascarids (toxocara), hookworms (ancylostoma), threadworms (strongyloides) and heartworm(dirofilaria). Whipworms infect dogs but not cats.

Front 2

What is the prepatent period?

Back 2

This is the time from the point of infection until a specific diagnostic stage can be identified.

Front 3

What are the symptoms of Toxocara infection?

Back 3

Diarrhea and weight loss.

Front 4

How do you diagnose Toxocara?

Back 4

Fecal flotation and direct fecal smear.

Front 5

Is Toxocara zoonotic?

Back 5

Yes.

Front 6

What is ELISA?

Back 6

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test used for detecting exposure to roundworms in humans.

Front 7

How do you treat roundworms (toxocara)?

Back 7

Anthelmintics such as fenbendazole (Panacur), purantel pamoate (Nemex)

Front 8

What are the symptoms of hookworms (ancylostoma)?

Back 8

Anemia and sometimes, diarrhea with blood and mucus.

Front 9

How do you diagnose and treat hookworms (ancylstoma)?

Back 9

Fecal exam for eggs. Treat with anthelmintics such as fenbendazole and Ivermectin.

Front 10

How do you diagnose and treat whipworms in dogs?

Back 10

Fecal exam detects eggs; administer anthelmintics.

Front 11

What is the prepatent period for whipworms in dogs?

Back 11

Three months - administer prophylactic anthelmintics.

Front 12

What is the vector for Dirofilaria?

Back 12

Mosquito.

Front 13

What is the prepatent period for Dirofilaria in dogs?

Back 13

6 months.

Front 14

How do you diagnose heartworm?

Back 14

If the dog has been infected for 6 mos or more, an antigen with detect heartworm. Cats must be diagnosed by evaluating their history in conjunction with echocardiography, serology, and thoracic radiographs.

Front 15

How do you treat heartworm in dogs?

Back 15

Melarsomin dihydrochloride give IM in the back; 2 doses in 48 hrs.

Front 16

How do you treat heartworm in cats?

Back 16

25-50% cats can survive the infection with restricted activity and corticosteroid therapy.

Front 17

How do you prevent heartworm?

Back 17

Prophylactic drugs are adminstered before and during mosquito season. Ivermectin, milbemycin, and selamectin are used monthly in dogs and cats.

Front 18

Where do heartworms live in dogs and cats?

Back 18

In the pulmonary artery and right ventricle of the heart.

Front 19

What is the common tapeworm of dogs and cats?

Back 19

Dipylidium.

Front 20

What is the intermediate host of the common tapeworm?

Back 20

the flea.

Front 21

How do you diagnose and treat the common tapeworm?

Back 21

Egg packets or proglottids are found in the feces. Treat with anthelmintics.

Front 22

Are hydatid tapeworms threats to humans?

Back 22

Yes.

Front 23

How do you diagnose and treat hydatid tapeworms?

Back 23

Fecal exam finds eggs. Treat with anthelmintics and keep pets from eating raw meat and hunting rodents.

Front 24

Are dogs and cats hosts for coccidia?

Back 24

Yes

Front 25

What type of parasite is coccidia?

Back 25

a protozoan.

Front 26

How do you diagnose and treat coccidia in dogs and cats?

Back 26

Coccidia oocysts are found in the pet's feces. Treat with drugs -sulfadimethoxine and trimethoprim-sulfadiazine

Front 27

What is a common zoonotic coccidia found in cats?

Back 27

Toxoplasma gondii

Front 28

How do you diagnose and treat toxoplasmosis in cats?

Back 28

Diagnosis is done via a blood test that measures the antibodies to T. gondii. The antibiotic clindamyacin is the treatment of choice for cats with toxoplasmosis.

Front 29

What precautions do humans need to take to avoid contracting toxoplasmosis?

Back 29

Do not eat raw meat. Do not allow cats to hunt or eat raw meat. Clean litterboxes daily. Control rodents/

Front 30

What is giardia?

Back 30

A protozoan that lives in the small intestine of dogs and cats.

Front 31

What are the symptoms of Giardia?

Back 31

Diarrhea.

Front 32

How can you prevent your pet from being infected with Giardia?

Back 32

Keep pets from drinking potentially contaminate water (puddles, streams)

Front 33

How do you diagnose Giardia?

Back 33

The cysts is found in the host's feces by fecal flotation.

Front 34

How do you treat Giardia?

Back 34

There are two antiprotozoal drugs commonly recommended (metronidazole and quinacrine)

Front 35

Back 35

On the left is an egg of Toxocara canis On the right is the egg of Toxascaris leonina,

Front 36

Back 36

This is the egg of the hookworm of dogs and cats (Ancylostoma)

Front 37

Back 37

This is the first-stage larva of Strongyloides stercoralis, a nematode that lives in the wall of the small
intestine of dogs and cats.

Front 38

Back 38

The eggs of Dipylidium caninumare distinctive because they are found in packets containing 10 to 30
eggs.

Front 39

Back 39

These are proglottids of Dipylidium caninum. The proglottid on the left was recovered from the surface
of a stool sample. The white color and the curved sides make this segment resemble a cucumber seed.

Front 40

Back 40

These are cysts of Giardia, which are found in both dogs and cats.

Front 41

Back 41

This is the oocyst of Toxoplasma gondii, a coccidian parasite of cats.

Front 42

Back 42

The microfilaria of the dog heartworm, D. immitis, can often be seen in a direct smear of the blood of an
infected dog. Although the numerous red blood cells may hide part of the worm, the movement of the
microfilaria is easy to see. As seen in this photo of a direct blood smear, the microfilaria is fairly large
(300–320 µm long) (arrow).

Front 43

Back 43

The eggs of Taenia taeniaeformis, a tapeworm of the cat, and those of Taenia
sp., Multicepssp., and Echinococcussp., which are found in the dog, all look like this egg. Taenia-type
eggs measure about 35 µm wide and have a thick shell that contains striations or stripes.

Front 44

Back 44

This is the oocyst of Isospora canis, a coccidian parasite of dogs.

Front 45

Back 45

On the left are two red blood cells infected with Babesia canis(arrow). This organism, which lives inside
the red blood cells of the dog, is very small (1–2 µm). They usually occur in pairs within the red blood
cell. On the right are blood cells of a bird, some of which are infected with a protozoan parasite
(Haemoproteussp.). All bird red blood cells have a nucleus.

Front 46

Back 46

There are two different eggs in this photo that look very much alike. The egg on the left is that of the
whipworm of dogs, Trichuris vulpis. It is a symmetrical lemon-shaped egg with a plug at either end.
The whipworm egg has a smooth shell and is about 80 µm long. On the right is the egg of the
lungworm Capillaria aerophila, which is found in both dogs and cats. This egg is more oval and less
symmetrical than that of the whipworm. It is also slightly smaller (65 µm long) and has a rough, pitted
shell. It is important to be able to tell these two eggs apart, because the treatment is different for each
infection. (40×objective, unstained)