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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Communication within the endocrine system is...
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slower and lasts for greater lengths of time
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Endocrine system secretes ... from ... glands
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hormones
ductless |
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How are endocrine glands associated?
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Not anatomically connected, but they work together in a functional sense
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Hormones are ... messengers that are carried to target cells through the ...
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chemical
blood |
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What is a requirement for a target cell?
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Must possess a receptor that can bind the hormone and transduce a signal after binding
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What are the three chemical classes of hormones?
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amines
peptides/proteins steroids |
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amine hormones are derivatives of what?
What hormones are amines? Where are they produced? |
tyrosine
thyroid hormones catecholamines--adrenal medulla dopamine--hypothalamus |
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The majority of hormones are what type?
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peptides/proteins
from three amino acids to small proteins |
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peptide hormones are first synthesized where and what are they called?
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ribosomes of the endocrine cells
pre pro hormones |
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Pre pro hormones are cleaved by what to become what?
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They are cleaved to Pro hormones in the rough ER by proteolytic enzymes
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pro-hormones are cleaved during what process to become active hormones?
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During packaging into secretory vesicles by the Golgi apparatus
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Why are pro hormones cleaved during the packaging process?
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it prevents an effect on the stimulating cell and packages larger quantity for easy quick release as soon as a stimulus is received
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Where are receptors for peptide hormones and catecholamines located?
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on the outer surface of the target cell's membrane
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Why is the location of the receptors for peptides and amines important?
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peptides and catecholamines are too large and polar to pass through the plasma membrane
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What do the receptors for amines and peptides do when activated?
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they trigger signal transduction pathways...
ionotrophic--opening an ion channel metabotropic--G protein, cAMP, calcium, Tyrosine phosphorylation -->changes in gene transcription |
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What are steroids derived from?
What kind of chemical are they and where are they produced mainly? |
Cholesterol
Lipids produced in the adrenal cortex and gonads |
