Endocrine System - Glands

Front 1

Pineal Gland

Back 1

Tiny, pine-cone shaped Gland located on the dorsal aspect of the midbrain region; the body's biologic clock; regulates patterns of eating, sleeping & reproduction. Secretes melatonin.

Front 2

Thyroid Gland

Back 2

Located in the front of the neck, just below the larynx, on either side of the trachea. Consists of a right & left lobe connected across the front of the trachea by a narrow, island-shaped piece called the isthmus.

Front 3

Triiodothyronine (T3)

Back 3

Secreted by thyroid gland; helps regulate growth & development of the body & control metabolism & body temperature.

Front 4

Thyroxine (T4)

Back 4

Secreted by thyroid gland; helps maintain normal body metabolism.

Front 5

Calcitonin

Back 5

Secreted by thyroid gland; Regulates the level of calcium in the blood.

Front 6

Parathyroid Glands

Back 6

Consist of 4 tiny rounded bodies located on the dorsal aspect of the thyroid gland; secretes parathyroid hormone (PTH), AKA: parathormone, which regulates the level of calcium in the blood.

Front 7

Thymus

Back 7

Single gland located in the mediastinum near the middle of the chest, just beneath the sternum; Is large in the fetus & infants & shrinks with increasing age until there is merely a trace of active _____ tissue in older adults. Have a critical role in immune system.

Front 8

Thymosin

Back 8

Thought to stimulate the production of T-cells (specialized lymphocytes); Produced in Thymus gland

Front 9

Thymopoietin

Back 9

Also thought to stimulate production of T-cells that are involved in immune response; Produced in the thymus gland

Front 10

Adrenal Glands

Back 10

AKA: Suprarenal Glands; 2 small glands, with one being positioned atop each kidney.

Front 11

Adrenal Cortex

Back 11

Outer portion of the adrenal glands; secretes corticosteroid hormones

Front 12

Adrenal Medulla

Back 12

Inner portion of the adrenal glands

Front 13

Mineralocorticoids

Back 13

Regulate how mineral salts are processed in the body, AKA: electrolytes; aldosterone being the primary hormone secreted.

Front 14

Aldosterone

Back 14

Responsible for regulating fluid & electrolyte balance by promoting sodium retention (which promotes water retention) & potassium excretion.

Front 15

Glucocorticoids

Back 15

Influence metabolism of carbs, fats & proteins in the body; maintains blood pressure level; have anti-inflammatory effect on the body & during times of stress, increases glucose available for skeletal muscles needed in "fight or flight." ; cortisol & hydrocortisone are the 2 main secretions.

Front 16

Gonadocorticoids

Back 16

Sex hormones released from the adrenal cortex instead of the gonads; contribute to secondary sex characteristics in males & females.

Front 17

Epinephrine

Back 17

Aka: adrenaline; A hormone produced by the adrenal medulla. Plays an important role in the body's response to stress by increasing heart rate, dilating bronchioles & releasing glucose into the bloodstream. Known as a sympathomimetic agent.

Front 18

Norepinephrine (noradrenaline)

Back 18

A hormone produced by the adrenal medulla that plays an important role in the body's response to stress by raising the blood pressure.

Front 19

Pancreas

Back 19

Elongated gland located in the upper left quadrant of the abdomen behind the stomach. It extends horizontally across the body, beginning at the first part of the small intestines & ending at the edge of the spleen.

Front 20

Islets of Langerhans

Back 20

Specialized groups of cells in the pancreas that produce important hormones for the body.

Front 21

Glucagon

Back 21

A hormone secreted by the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas that stimulates the liver to convert glycogen into glucose.