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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Nervous system |
Electro-chemical messenger Fast change Specific |
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Endocrine system |
Hormone messenger Long-term change General |
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Negative feedback |
When a change occurs, the response is to discourage or reverse the direction of change. |
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Receptor and effector |
Receptor senses the need for a change. Effector makes the change. |
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Positive feedback |
When a change occurs, the response is to encourage the direction of change. Ex. Pepsinogen |
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Hormones |
Chemical messengers of the body. Produced in one area, but effect other areas. Speeding up or slowing down bodily processes. |
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Fat soluble (steroid) hormones |
Can pass-through cell membranes. Affect many different cells and organs. |
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Water soluble (protein) hormones |
Bind only to specific receptors on membrane. Target specific organs |
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Types of glands |
Endocrine glands- release hormones directly into the blood Exocrine glands- release products into ducts first Mediator cells- release hormones, called prostaglandins, that effect only those around them. |
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Gland -> hormones produced |
Hypothalamus- oxytocin, anti-diuretic hormone (ADH) Pituitary- 6 hormones Thyroid- thyroxin (T4), calcitonin Parathyroid- parathormone (PTH) Thymus- white blood cells into T lymphocytes Adrenal- cortisol and aldosterone (cortex) epinephrine (medulla) Pancreas- glucagon and insulin Ovaries- estrogen and progesterone Testes- testosterone |
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Pituitary gland (posterior) |
Stores and releases oxytocin and ADH produced from the hypothalamus. |
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Oxytocin |
Initiates uterine contractions Ejects milk from the mammary glands |
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Anti-diuretic Hormone (ADH) |
Increases the reabsorbtion of water by kidney. Therefore decreasing uterine volume. |
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Diabetes Insipidus
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Too little ADH is produced. Therefore an increase in urine volume. |
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Pituitary Gland (anterior)
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Growth Hormone (GH) Prolactin (PL) Follicle-stimulating Hormone (FSH) Luteinizing Hormone (LH) Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH) |
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Growth Hormone (GH)
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A steroid that targets all cells to grow. Especially long bone growth |
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Prolactin (PRL)
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Produces and maintains breast milk.
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Follicle-Stimulating Hormones (FSH)
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Female: maturation of eggs Male: production of sperm |
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Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
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Females: stimulating ovulation and the production of estrogen and progesterone. Male: testosterone. |
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Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)
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Targets the thyroid
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Adrenocorticotropic Hormone
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Targets the adrenal gland.
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Negative feedback control
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Hormones use negative-feedback to control release. Stimulating hormone released into the blood - target gland releases desired hormone - final or inhibitory hormone released into the blood last - reaches pituitary or hypothalamus and stops the cycle. |
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HGH Problems
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Dwarfism: too little as a childGigantism: too much as a childAcromegaly: too much as an adult -broadening of the face, thickening of the digits
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