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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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the endocrine system is distributed through |
highly vascular endocrine glands (thyroid gland) discrete groups of endocrine cells |
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G cells: located what do they produce |
produce gastrin located in the gastric glands |
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Beta cells what do they produce located |
produce insulin located in the islets of langerhans |
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what a hormones |
hormones are chemical messengers secreted by endocrine cells into their interstitial fluid |
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how are they transported |
most are secreted and transported via the circulatory system to respective target cells |
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what do hormones do |
1) regulate metabollic function of the target cell 2) generally produce prolonged effects on the target cell |
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some hormones act locally by 2 ways: |
autocrine paracrine |
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what is autocrine an example ofit |
the secreted hormone acts on the cell it was secreted by example: prostaglandins released by smooth muscle cells |
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what is pararcrine |
the released hormone acts on the adjacent cells |
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types of hormone (2 main groups) |
amino acid derived lipid derived |
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amino acid derivatives: (what are they like/made of ) |
relatively small hormone molecules built from TRYOSINE OR TRYPTOPHAN can also be peptide and protein hormones these are variable in size |
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tryosine derivatives (what comes from tryosine) |
thyroid hormones dopamine adrenaline noradrenaline |
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dopamine, adrenaline and noradrenaline (what are they/ what can they do/ what do they contain) |
are CATECHOLAMINES meaning they are water soluble benzene with 2 hydroxyl groups and a amine side chain) |
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Lipid derivatives: ( 2 types) |
steroid hormones eicosanoids |
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steroid hormones: (synthesised from and examples) |
synthesised from cholesterol example: gonadal hormones oestrogen + testosterone |
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Eicosanoids (SPIDER) ( synthesised from /examples) |
synthesised from fatty acid ARACHIDONIC acid they include LEUKOTRIENES released by white blood cells controlling tissue response in injury |
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prostglandins ( function/example) |
function as pararcrine hormones regulating cellular activity (blood clotting) |
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Specificity of hormone action (target cell receptors -types and function) |
hormones circulate all tissues but only affect target cells because of TARGET CELL RECEPTORS insulin receptors thyroid receptors (found in nearly all cells in the body) |
