Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
FUNCTIONS OF ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
|
collection of glands-secrete hormones which provide chemical control
-homeostasis -regulate:growth, metabolism, sex dev., reproduction -relies on circulatory sys to transport hormone thru out body |
|
GLANDS
|
pituitary, hypothalamus, pineal gland, parathyroid, thyroid, thymus, adrenal, pancreas, ovaries, testicles
|
|
GENERAL SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
|
sweating disorders, growth in neck, neuropathy, tachycardia, recurrent infections, changes in energy level, nervousness, tremors, unexplained weight loss/gain, polydipsia/polyuria
|
|
PITUITARY GLAND
|
hyperpituitarism-usually caused by tumor; meds and radiation
|
|
ACROMEGALY
|
increased production of growth hormone
-enlargement/thickening of facial bones &short bones of extremities |
|
GIGANTISM
|
increased production of growth hormone; affects long bones in children
|
|
HYPOPITUITARISM
|
-dwarfism
decreased growth, delayed puberty, tiredness, lethargy, sensitive to cold, infertility |
|
THYROID GLAND
|
-hyperthyroidism
Graves' disease -hypothyroidism cretinism |
|
HYPERTHYROIDISM
|
condition in which thyroid gland overproduces thyroxine
function of thyroxine-metabolize fuel into energy |
|
CAUSES OF HYPERTHYROIDISM
|
thyroid infection, nodule formation in thyroid, autoimmune attack against thyroid
tumor on pituitary/thyroid gland Graves' disease |
|
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF HYPERTHYROIDISM
|
restlessness, sleeplessness, irritability, dry skin/hair, tachycardia, tremors, weight loss, irregular menstrual cycle
|
|
GRAVES' DISEASE SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
|
thyroid grows (goiter)
-same symptoms as noted raising of eyelids, protrusion of eyeballs, raised red patches of skin on shins and feet -thyroid storms may occur-call EMS |
|
TREATMENT OF HYPERTHYROIDISM
|
radioactive iodine
antithyroid meds-deter production of thyroxine thyroidectomy |
|
HYPOTHYROIDISM
|
condition in which there is decreased level of thyroid hormones-causing difficulty in generating energy from fuel
-cretinism |
|
CAUSES OF HYPOTHYROIDISM
|
hashimotos disease, treatment for hyperthyroidism, congenital, meds iodides, lithium), radiation exp., idiopathic, chronic fatigue syndrome, fibromyalgia
|
|
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF HYPOTHYROIDISM
|
weight gain, fatigue, constipation, depression, bradycardia, poor tolerance to cold, flat brittle hair, heavy long menstrual cycle
|
|
SECONDARY COMPLICATIONS TO HYPOTHYROIDISM
|
atherosclerosis, carpal tunnel syndrome, edema
|
|
TREATMENT FOR HYPOTHYROIDISM
|
supplemental thyroid hormone
|
|
ADRENAL GLANDS
|
addison's disease
cushing's diesase |
|
ADDISON'S DISEASE
|
insufficiency of adrenal glands-decreased production of cortisol & aldosterone
-hypoglycemia & glycogen deficiency |
|
SIGNS, SYMPTOMS AND TREATMENT OF ADDISON'S DISEASE
|
weakness, exhaustion, hypotension, weight loss, nausea/vomitting, tanning
treatment-replacement of corticosteroids |
|
CUSHING'S SYNDROME
|
chronic production of cortisol which is secreted by adrenal glands-ademona of pituitary gland (secretes ACTH) or tumors of adrenal gland
|
|
SIGNS, SYMPTOMS AND TREATMENT OF CUSHING'S SYNDROME
|
weakness, severe fever, high blood pressure, backache, elevated blood sugar, easy bruising
treatment-surgery for tumors, radiation, chemo, immunotherapy |
|
DIABETES INSIPIDUS
|
rare disorder; usually of pituitary gland; results in excessive urination
nothing to do with hyperglycemia |
|
SIGNS, SYMPTOMS AND TREATMENT OF DIABETES INSIPIDUS
|
polyuria, nocturia, polydipsia, dehydration
treatment-medications |
|
DIABETES MELLITUS
|
chronic systemic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia
-affects circulatory system, kidneys, eyes, and heart TYPE I-deficiency in insulin production TYPE II-cells resistant to insulin action |
|
DIABETES MELLITUS FACTS
|
16 million americans
most common 3rd leading cause-death more common: black Native American Hispanic asian american |
|
CARDINAL SIGNS OF DIABETES
|
polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, weight loss, recurrent blurred vision, weakness, fatigue, dizziness
|
|
LONG TERM EFFECTS OF DIABETES
|
atherosclerosis, infections leading to ulcers, retinopathy, nephropathy, carpal tunnel syndrome, dupuytren's, adhesive capsulitis, osteoporosis, peripheral neuropathy
|
|
MEDICAL MANAGEMENT OF DIABETES
|
diet, exercise, oral hypoglycemics, insulin, insulin pump
|
|
HYPOGLYCEMIA
|
condition of low blood glucose levels,
-normal range is 60-120 mg/dl -causes: fatigue, stress, diabetes, exercise |
|
SIGN, SYMPTOMS AND TREATMENT OF HYPOGLYCEMIA
|
dizziness, headache, hunger, confusion, blurred vision, difficulty concentrating, tachycardia, sweating, chills, pallor, shakiness, nausea
treatment-ingestion of juice or something high in carbohydrates |
|
OSTEOPOROSIS
|
loss of bone mass and density due to inability to maintain calcium in bone.
-may be due to endocrine imbalances, poor calcium metabolism. -most common metabolic bone disorder |
|
WHO'S AT RISK FOR OSTEOPOROSIS?
(NON-MODIFIABLE) |
women-especially post-menopause
caucasian race, northern european descent, family history, long period of inactivity or immobilization, depression |
|
WHO'S AT RISK FOR OSTEOPOROSIS?
(MODIFIABLE) |
high fat diet, excess sugar, crash dieting, high intake of low-calcium beverages, alcohol intake, smoking, caffeine, certain meds
|
|
OSTEOPOROSIS: ASSOCIATED DISEASES AND DISORDERS
|
hyperthyroidism, hyperparathyroidism, type 2 diabetes, testosterone deficiency, gastric surgery, hepatic disease, cancer, organ transplantation, COPD, rheumatic disease, osteogenesis imperfecta, eating disorders, spinal cord injury, CVA
|
|
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF OSTEOPOROSIS
|
loss of height, postural changes, back pain, compression fractures of vertebra, fractures of other bones (fibula, femur, radius)
|
|
TREATMENT OF OSTEOPOROSIS
|
treat the modifiable risks, HRT, exercise, diet
|
|
PAGET'S DISEASE
|
second most common metabolic bone disorder
-progressive disorder in which excessive bone resorption and formation takes place. New bone is larger yet lacks strength |
|
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF PAGET'S DISEASE
|
commonly effects spine, skull, pelvis, femur, tibia
-occurs at multiple sites -pathological fractures are common -bones become deformed -headaches, deep pain which is worse at night general stiffness, changes in skeletal alignment, nerve impingement, mental impairment, cognitive changes |