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40 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
FUNCTIONS OF ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
collection of glands-secrete hormones which provide chemical control
-homeostasis
-regulate:growth, metabolism, sex dev., reproduction
-relies on circulatory sys to transport hormone thru out body
GLANDS
pituitary, hypothalamus, pineal gland, parathyroid, thyroid, thymus, adrenal, pancreas, ovaries, testicles
GENERAL SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
sweating disorders, growth in neck, neuropathy, tachycardia, recurrent infections, changes in energy level, nervousness, tremors, unexplained weight loss/gain, polydipsia/polyuria
PITUITARY GLAND
hyperpituitarism-usually caused by tumor; meds and radiation
ACROMEGALY
increased production of growth hormone
-enlargement/thickening of facial bones &short bones of extremities
GIGANTISM
increased production of growth hormone; affects long bones in children
HYPOPITUITARISM
-dwarfism
decreased growth, delayed puberty, tiredness, lethargy, sensitive to cold, infertility
THYROID GLAND
-hyperthyroidism
Graves' disease
-hypothyroidism
cretinism
HYPERTHYROIDISM
condition in which thyroid gland overproduces thyroxine

function of thyroxine-metabolize fuel into energy
CAUSES OF HYPERTHYROIDISM
thyroid infection, nodule formation in thyroid, autoimmune attack against thyroid

tumor on pituitary/thyroid gland

Graves' disease
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF HYPERTHYROIDISM
restlessness, sleeplessness, irritability, dry skin/hair, tachycardia, tremors, weight loss, irregular menstrual cycle
GRAVES' DISEASE SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
thyroid grows (goiter)
-same symptoms as noted
raising of eyelids, protrusion of eyeballs, raised red patches of skin on shins and feet
-thyroid storms may occur-call EMS
TREATMENT OF HYPERTHYROIDISM
radioactive iodine
antithyroid meds-deter production of thyroxine
thyroidectomy
HYPOTHYROIDISM
condition in which there is decreased level of thyroid hormones-causing difficulty in generating energy from fuel
-cretinism
CAUSES OF HYPOTHYROIDISM
hashimotos disease, treatment for hyperthyroidism, congenital, meds iodides, lithium), radiation exp., idiopathic, chronic fatigue syndrome, fibromyalgia
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF HYPOTHYROIDISM
weight gain, fatigue, constipation, depression, bradycardia, poor tolerance to cold, flat brittle hair, heavy long menstrual cycle
SECONDARY COMPLICATIONS TO HYPOTHYROIDISM
atherosclerosis, carpal tunnel syndrome, edema
TREATMENT FOR HYPOTHYROIDISM
supplemental thyroid hormone
ADRENAL GLANDS
addison's disease
cushing's diesase
ADDISON'S DISEASE
insufficiency of adrenal glands-decreased production of cortisol & aldosterone
-hypoglycemia & glycogen deficiency
SIGNS, SYMPTOMS AND TREATMENT OF ADDISON'S DISEASE
weakness, exhaustion, hypotension, weight loss, nausea/vomitting, tanning

treatment-replacement of corticosteroids
CUSHING'S SYNDROME
chronic production of cortisol which is secreted by adrenal glands-ademona of pituitary gland (secretes ACTH) or tumors of adrenal gland
SIGNS, SYMPTOMS AND TREATMENT OF CUSHING'S SYNDROME
weakness, severe fever, high blood pressure, backache, elevated blood sugar, easy bruising

treatment-surgery for tumors, radiation, chemo, immunotherapy
DIABETES INSIPIDUS
rare disorder; usually of pituitary gland; results in excessive urination

nothing to do with hyperglycemia
SIGNS, SYMPTOMS AND TREATMENT OF DIABETES INSIPIDUS
polyuria, nocturia, polydipsia, dehydration

treatment-medications
DIABETES MELLITUS
chronic systemic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia
-affects circulatory system, kidneys, eyes, and heart
TYPE I-deficiency in insulin production
TYPE II-cells resistant to insulin action
DIABETES MELLITUS FACTS
16 million americans
most common
3rd leading cause-death
more common:
black
Native American
Hispanic
asian american
CARDINAL SIGNS OF DIABETES
polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, weight loss, recurrent blurred vision, weakness, fatigue, dizziness
LONG TERM EFFECTS OF DIABETES
atherosclerosis, infections leading to ulcers, retinopathy, nephropathy, carpal tunnel syndrome, dupuytren's, adhesive capsulitis, osteoporosis, peripheral neuropathy
MEDICAL MANAGEMENT OF DIABETES
diet, exercise, oral hypoglycemics, insulin, insulin pump
HYPOGLYCEMIA
condition of low blood glucose levels,
-normal range is 60-120 mg/dl
-causes:
fatigue, stress, diabetes, exercise
SIGN, SYMPTOMS AND TREATMENT OF HYPOGLYCEMIA
dizziness, headache, hunger, confusion, blurred vision, difficulty concentrating, tachycardia, sweating, chills, pallor, shakiness, nausea

treatment-ingestion of juice or something high in carbohydrates
OSTEOPOROSIS
loss of bone mass and density due to inability to maintain calcium in bone.
-may be due to endocrine imbalances, poor calcium metabolism.
-most common metabolic bone disorder
WHO'S AT RISK FOR OSTEOPOROSIS?
(NON-MODIFIABLE)
women-especially post-menopause
caucasian race, northern european descent, family history, long period of inactivity or immobilization, depression
WHO'S AT RISK FOR OSTEOPOROSIS?
(MODIFIABLE)
high fat diet, excess sugar, crash dieting, high intake of low-calcium beverages, alcohol intake, smoking, caffeine, certain meds
OSTEOPOROSIS: ASSOCIATED DISEASES AND DISORDERS
hyperthyroidism, hyperparathyroidism, type 2 diabetes, testosterone deficiency, gastric surgery, hepatic disease, cancer, organ transplantation, COPD, rheumatic disease, osteogenesis imperfecta, eating disorders, spinal cord injury, CVA
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF OSTEOPOROSIS
loss of height, postural changes, back pain, compression fractures of vertebra, fractures of other bones (fibula, femur, radius)
TREATMENT OF OSTEOPOROSIS
treat the modifiable risks, HRT, exercise, diet
PAGET'S DISEASE
second most common metabolic bone disorder
-progressive disorder in which excessive bone resorption and formation takes place. New bone is larger yet lacks strength
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF PAGET'S DISEASE
commonly effects spine, skull, pelvis, femur, tibia
-occurs at multiple sites
-pathological fractures are common
-bones become deformed
-headaches, deep pain which is worse at night general stiffness, changes in skeletal alignment, nerve impingement, mental impairment, cognitive changes