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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Hypophysis
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Pituitary- also called?
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Define Pituitary
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A small endocrine gland occupying the hypophyseal fossa of the sphenoid bone and attached to the hypothalamus by the infundibulum.
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pituitary gland
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No longer the "master gland", but the hypothalamus!
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Pea sized
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Size of pituitary or hypophysis?
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hypophyseal fossa (pouch)
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Location of Pituitary or hypophysis
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Hypophyseal fossa
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a depression on superior surface of sphenoid bone that houses pituitary glands
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Divisions of pituitary
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Anterior Lobe
Posterior Lobe Pars Intermedia |
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adenohypophysis
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Anterior lobe, also called?
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Anterior lobe
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in embryo-migrates from upper pharynx to its adult position
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Hypophoseal (rathke's) pouch
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outgrowth of ectoderm from roof of mouth- anteriorpituitary develops
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Anterior lobe
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Location of rathke's pouch?
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neurohypophysis
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Posterior lobe, also called?
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Posterior lobe
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Does not synthesize hormones, stores and releases hormones
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Neurohypophyseal bud
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Develops and grows down from hypothalamus
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posterior lobe
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Location fo nuerohypophyseal bud?
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Pars intermedia
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atrophies in fetal development-is gone ias a lobe in adults- but its cell migrate into the ant. pituitary and persist
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Neurosecretory cells
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Actually secrete hypothalamic releasing and inhibiting hormones
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Regulating hormones (factors)
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At least 9 known releasing and inhibiting hormones; are "tropic hormones" -from neurosecretory cells- stimulate or inhibit hormones secreted from ant. pituitary.
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Vessels and capillary networks
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What permits regulating factors to flow from hypothalmus to anterior pituitary?
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7
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How mant major hormones are there?
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Tropic hormones
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a hormone whose target organ is another endocrine gland
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Adrenocorticotropic hormone ACTH:
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stimulates adrenal cortex
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Thyroid-stimulating hormone TSH:
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stimulates thyroid gland
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Gonadotropic hormones:
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FSH & LH
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Follicle stimulating hormone FSH:
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Male- stimulates sperm production
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Luteinizing hormone LH:
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Male-interstitial cell development and thus testosterone up
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Non-tropic hormones
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3- hGH, melanocyte- stimulating hormone, PRL
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Growth hormone hGH:
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increased protein anabolism in cells
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Melanocyte-stimulating hormone
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increase in melanin granules in melanocytes
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Prolactin
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Male- testosterone production up
Female- maintain effect of lutenizing hormone |
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Oxytocin OT:
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a nuerosecretory cell, smooth muscle contraction of uterus during labor; of mammary glands thus stimulating milk ejection
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No
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Do neurosecretory cells synthesize hormones?
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Anti-diuretic hormone ADH:
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a nuerosecretory cell, also called "vasopressin"- decrease urine volume; constriction of arterioles during hemorrage
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neurohypophysis (posterior to pituitary) also stores hormones
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Where do axonal endings of nuerosecretory cells terminate?
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Because it doesn't synthysize hormones; it sores and releases them.
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Why is the neurohypophysis not considered to be a true endocrine gland?
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Pituicyte
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axon terminals in the post. pituitary gland are associated with specialized neuroglia
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