Physio Endocrine System 2 (For Exam 3)

Front 1

list the primary endocrine organs

Back 1

1. hypothalamus
2. pituitary gland
3. pineal gland
4. thyroid gland
5. parathyroid gland
6. thymus
7. adrenal gland

Front 2

list the parts of the pituitary gland

Back 2

anterior pituitary and posterior pituitary

Front 3

list the parts of the adrenal gland

Back 3

adrenal cortex and adrenal medulla

Front 4

TSH, ACTH, FSH, LH, GH, prolactin

Back 4

anterior pituitary gland

Front 5

ADH, oxytocin

Back 5

posterior pituitary gland

Front 6

trophic hormones (releasing and inhibiting hormones)

Back 6

hypothalamus

Front 7

secretes melatonin

Back 7

pineal gland

Front 8

secretes thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3); calcitonin

Back 8

thyroid gland

Front 9

PTH

Back 9

parathyroid gland

Front 10

thymosin, thymopoietin

Back 10

thymus

Front 11

aldosterone, cortisol, androgens

Back 11

adrenal cortex

Front 12

epinephrine & NE

Back 12

adrenal medulla

Front 13

list the primary endocrine glands in other organs

Back 13

1. pancreas
2. ovaries/testes
3. placenta

Front 14

produces insulin, glucagon

Back 14

pancreas

Front 15

estrogen & progesterone (females)/ androgens (testosterone) (males)

Back 15

ovaries/testes

Front 16

estrogen & progesterone, hCG

Back 16

placenta

Front 17

list the secondary endocrine organs

Back 17

GI organs, heart, kidneys, liver, skin

Front 18

GI hormones, ANP, erythropoietin, vitamin D3, etc.

Back 18

GI organs, heart, kidneys, liver, skin

Front 19

part of the brain (diencephalon), controls the pituitary gland

Back 19

hypothalamus

Front 20

major endocrine gland; infundibulum attaches to hypothalamus

Back 20

pituitary gland

Front 21

attaches to hypothalamus

Back 21

infundibulum

Front 22

-neurohypophysis
-direct NEURAL CONNECTION to hypothalamus
-neurosecretory cells originate in hypothalamus, axons in infundibulum, axon terminals in posterior pituitary secrete neurohormones
-ADH (vasopressin) and oxytocin

Back 22

posterior pituitary gland

Front 23

-CIRCULATORY CONNECTION to hypothalamus via HYPOTHALAMIC-HYPOPHYSEAL PORTAL SYSTEM
-neurosecretory cells in the hypothalamus secrete releasing hormones into portal system which control anterior pituitary secretion
-secretes trophic hormones that control other endocrine glands and tissues

Back 23

anterior pituitary gland

Front 24

TRH + TSH = ?

Back 24

thyroid gland --> TH

Front 25

CRH + ACTH = ?

Back 25

adrenal cortex --> cortisol

Front 26

GnRH + FSH & LH = ?

Back 26

ovaries/testes

Front 27

GHRH + growth hormone = ?

Back 27

liver, bone, muscle, etc., protein synthesis

Front 28

PRH + prolactin = ?

Back 28

breasts

Front 29

inhibits hypo and anterior (hormone 3)

Back 29

long loop negative feedback

Front 30

anterior inhibits hypo (tropic hormone 2)

Back 30

short loop negative feedback

Front 31

tell me what you know about the thyroid gland

Back 31

1. production of thyroid hormones T3 and T4 (thyroxine)
2. effects of thyroid hormones
3. feedback control of thyroid hormone secretion

Front 32

effects of thyroid hormones

Back 32

-increase basal metabolic rate
-stimulate protein synthesis
-developmental effects: nervous and reproductive systems

Front 33

what contains mineralcorticoids, glucocorticoids, and androgens?

Back 33

adrenal cortex

Front 34

-connection to sympathetic ANS
-chromaffin cells secrete epinephrine and norepinephrine
-epi and NE act via adrenergic receptors on target cells

Back 34

adrenal medulla

Front 35

constriction of blood vessels

Back 35

alpha-adrenergic receptors

Front 36

increase in heart rate and contractility

Back 36

beta 1 adrenergic receptors

Front 37

bronchodilation

Back 37

beta 2 adrenergic receptors

Front 38

endocrine portion consists of pancreatic islets

Back 38

pancreas

Front 39

secrete insulin, most abundant

Back 39

beta cells

Front 40

secrete glucagon, somewhat less abundant

Back 40

alpha cells

Front 41

these are major actors in the maintenance of glucose homeostasis

Back 41

insulin and glucagon

Front 42

-stimulates glucose uptake (facilitated diffusion) into most body cells
-stimulates synthesis of glycogen, protein, and lipids (energy storage)
-decreases plasma glucose concentration

Back 42

insulin

Front 43

-stimulates glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis in liver (releases glucose into blood)
-stimulates lipolysis in adipose tissue (mobilizes energy stores, spares glucose)
-increases plasma glucose concentration

Back 43

glucagon

Front 44

insulin deficiency disease

Back 44

diabetes mellitus

Front 45

insulin dependent (IDDM), "juvenile onset"

Back 45

type 1 diabetes

Front 46

non-insulin dependent (NIDDM), "adult onset"

Back 46

type 2 diabetes

Front 47

high blood glucose levels

Back 47

hyperglycemia

Front 48

excretion of glucose in the urine, osmotic effect results in excessive urinary water loss (diuresis)

Back 48

glycosuria

Front 49

effects and complications of diabetes mellitus

Back 49

-hyperglycemia
-glycosuria
-elevate ketones and ketoacidosis
--cells are "glucose starved" because of insufficient glucose uptake
--->increased fat and protein catabolism --> excess production of ketone bodies
-vascular degeneration

Front 50

promotes Na+ retention and K+ excretion by kidneys, zona glomerulosa

Back 50

mineralcorticoids (aldosterone)

Front 51

"stress hormones", promote gluconeogenesis, anti-inflammatory, zona fasciculata

Back 51

glucocorticoids (cortisol)

Front 52

for example, testosterone

Back 52

androgens

Front 53

secrete epinephrine and norepinephrine

Back 53

chromaffin cells