Endocrine System

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Endocrine

Back 1

Secreting into blood or tissue fluid rather than into a duct opposite of exocrine.

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Hormone

Back 2

Substance secreted by a endocrine gland into the blood stream that acts on a specific target tissue to produce a given response

Front 3

Steroid

Back 3

Any class of lipids related to sterols, reproductive and adrenal hormones.

Front 4

Non steroid

Back 4

hormone synthesized primarily from amino acids rather than from cholesterol

Front 5

Prosteglandin

Back 5

Any group of naturally occurring lipid based substances that act in a hormone like way to affect many body functions.

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Target cell

Back 6

Cell that when acted on by a particular hormone responds because it has receptors to which the hormone can bind.

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Target Organ

Back 7

Organ that is acted on and responds to particular hormones

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Tropic Hormone

Back 8

Hormone that stimulates another endocrine gland to secrete its hormones

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Adenohypophysis

Back 9

Anterior Pituitary gland which has the structure of an endocrine gland

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Adrenal glands

Back 10

Endocrine gland that rests on the top of each kidney

Front 11

ACTH (Adrenocortioctropic)

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Hormone that stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete larger amounts of hormones

Front 12

Aldosterone

Back 12

Hormone that stimulates the kidney to retain sodium ions and water

Front 13

Angiotensin I

Back 13

Substance formed by conversion of angiotensinogen causes vasoconstriction and a increase in blood pressure

Front 14

Angiotensim 2

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Substance formed in the lungs by enzyme conversion of angiotensim1 ultimately stimulates secretion of aldosterone causes vasoconstriction

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Gonads

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Sex Gland in which reproductive cells are formed ovary in women, testes in men

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TSH Thyroid Stimulating

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Tropic hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary gland that stimulates the thyroid gland to increase its secretion.

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Hypersecretion

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Excessive levels of a hormone possibly due to tumors autoimmune response or dysfunctional feedback mechanisms

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Hyposecretion

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Deficient levels of a hormone possibly due to tumors autoimmune response dysfunctional feedback mechanisms or insensitivity in target cells

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Diabetus Mellitus

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Group of diseases classified by and excess in blood glucose levels. Insulin ( a hormone from the pancreas) is required for glucose to be in cellular catabolism.

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Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

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Hyposecertion of insulin
due to genetic and environmental factors
causes autoimmune response to destroy insulin producing cells.
Treatment involves insulin injections or insulin pump and frequent blood sugar checks

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Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

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Target cells gradually become insensitive to insulin. Due to genetic and environmental factors (Age, weight, diet and inactivity)
treatment involves monitoring blood sugar, medication insulin or both.

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Excess glucose in the blood can damage?

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blood vessels, nerve, eye and kidney damage

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Exocrine glands

Back 23

Produce non hormonal substances (sweat, saliva)
Have ducts through substances are routed to a membrane surface

Front 24

Endocrine gland

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(AKA ductless glands) produce hormones
Release hormones into the surrounding tissue fluid
(endo=within, plus crine= to secrete)

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In the endocrine system secreting cells send hormone molecules by?

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Blood to he specific target cells contained in target tissues or target organs

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The endocrine system and nervous system function to achieve and maintain?

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Homeostasis

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When two systems work together referred to as the neuroendocrine system. They perform what?

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The same general functions : Communication, integration and control

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The effects of hormones last________ than those of neurotransmitters

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longer

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Hormones arrive _________ than neurotransmitters

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slower

Front 30

Endocrine glands are

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Ductless glands

Front 31

Many endocrine glands are made of ? and what do they secrete?

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Glandular epithelium whose cells manufacture and secrete hormones. Few endocrine glands are made of neurosecretory tissue

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Glands of the endocrine system are ________ scattered throughout the body

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Widely

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Name the glands of the endocrine system from superior to inferior

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Hypothalamus
Pineal
Pituitary
Parathyroids
Thyroid
Thymus
Adrenals
Pancreas (Islets
Ovaries (woman)
Testes (men)

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Tropic Hormones _____A____ other endocrine glands and ___B____ their growth and secretion.

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A. Target
B. Stimulate

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Sex Hormones target?

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Reproductive Tissue

Front 36

Anabolic Hormones stimulate?

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Anabolism in target cells

Front 37

Name the 5 steroid hormones

Back 37

Cortisol (hydrocortisone)
Aldosterone
Estrogens
Progesterone
Testosterone