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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Lispro
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Short acting insulin
Post-prandial Hyperglycemia |
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Aspart
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Short acting insulin
Post-prandial Hyperglycemia |
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Insulin
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Short acting insulin
Intravenous Hyperglycemia, Hyperkalemia |
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Neutral Protamine Hagedorn (NPH)
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Intermediate acting insulin
2x daily dosing Hyperglycemia, Hyperkalemia |
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Glargine
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Long acting insulin
1x daily dosing Hyperglycemia, Hyperkalemia |
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Detemir
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Long acting insulin
Hyperglycemia, Hyperkalemia |
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Tolbutamide
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1st gen sulfonylurea: close K+ channel in βcell= depolarization... insulin release
Type 2 DM- requires some islet function Tox: disulfarim-like effects (hypersensitivity to alcohol) Agranulotosis from sulfa allergy |
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Chloropropamide
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1st gen sulfonylurea: close K+ channel in βcell= depolarization... insulin release
Type 2 DM- requires some islet function Tox: disulfarim-like effects (hypersensitivity to alcohol) Agranulotosis from sulfa allergy |
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Glyburide
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2nd gen sulfonylurea: close K+ channel in βcell= depolarization... insulin release
Type 2 DM- requires some islet function Tox: Agranulotosis from sulfa allergy |
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Glimepiride
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2nd gen sulfonylurea: close K+ channel in βcell= depolarization... insulin release
Type 2 DM- requires some islet function Tox: Agranulotosis from sulfa allergy |
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Glipizide
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2nd gen sulfonylurea: close K+ channel in βcell= depolarization... insulin release
Type 2 DM- requires some islet function Tox: Agranulotosis from sulfa allergy |
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Metformin
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Activates AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)= ↓liver gluconeogenesis; others that lead to INSULIN SENSITIZATION
Type 2 DM w/Obesity Do not need Islet cell function Tox: LACTIC ACIDOSIS Contra: RENAL FAILURE |
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Pioglitazone
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↑insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissue by binding to PPARγ (intracellular nuclear receptor)= alters transcription= ↑adiponectin; takes time for effect b/c of modification in gene transcription
End up ↓insulin release Type 2 DM- can be use in monotherapy or combined Tox: Weight Gain, EDEMA, HEPATOTOX, cardiovasc tox Precipitates CHF |
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Rosiglitazone
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↑insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissue by binding to PPARγ (intracellular nuclear receptor)= alters transcription= ↑adiponectin; takes time for effect b/c of modification in gene transcription
End up ↑insulin release Type 2 DM- can be use in monotherapy or combined Tox: Weight Gain, EDEMA, hepatotox, cardiovasc tox Precipitates CHF |
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Acarbose
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Inhibits intestinal α-glucosidase= ↓postprandial hyperglycemia
Type 2 DM Tox: GI disturbances |
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Miglitol
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Inhibits intestinal α-glucosidase= ↓postprandial hyperglycemia
Type 2 DM Tox: GI disturbances |
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Pramlintide
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↓glucagon
Type 2 DM Tox: nausea, diarrhea |
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Exanatide
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↑insulin, ↓glucagon
Type 2 DM Tox: nausea, vomiting, pacreatitis |
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Orlistat
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Inhibits pancreatic lipase= altered fat metabolism
Obesity Tox: steatorrhea, ↓fat soluble vitamin absorption, headache |
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Sibutramine
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Sympathomimetic: 5HT & NE reuptake inhibitor
Obesity Tox: hypertension, tachycardia |
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Bromocriptine
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Dopamine agonist
Prolactinoma |
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Propylthiouracil
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Inhibits Peroxidase (organification of iodide, coupling of thyroid hormone synthesis) and peripheral conversion of T4 to T3
Hyperthyroidism Tox: skin rash, agranulocytosis, aplastic anemia |
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Methimazole
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Inhibits Peroxidase (organification of iodide, coupling of thyroid hormone synthesis)
Hyperthyroidism Tox: skin rash, agranulocytosis, aplastic anemia |
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B Blockers for Hyperthyroidism
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Dec HR and block peripheral conversion of T4 to T3
Hyperthyroidism; does NOT help exopthalmos though (use glucocorticoids) |
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Levothyroxine
Triiodothyronine |
Hypothyroidism, myxedema
Tox: tachycardia, heat intolerance, tremors, arrhythmias |
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Ipodate
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Blocks peripheral conversion of T4 to T3
Hyperthyroidism |
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Potassium Iodide
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Prevents thyroid absorption of radioactive iodine by competitive receptor inhibition
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Perchlorate
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Prevents thyroid absorption of radioactive iodine by competitive receptor inhibition
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Pertechnetate
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Prevents thyroid absorption of radioactive iodine by competitive receptor inhibition
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Growth Hormone
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GH deficiency, Turner's Syndrome
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Octreotride
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Somatostatin
Acromegaly, carcinoid, gastrinoma, glucagonoma |
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Demeclocycline
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ADH antagonist
SIADH Tox: photosensitivity, abnormalities of bone and teeth |
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Hydrocortisone
Prednisone Triamcinolone Dexamethasone Beclomethasone |
Glucocorticoids: ↑lipocortin= ↓Phospholipase A2; ↓ COX2 expression; ↓IL-2 and T cells; ↑α1 receptors of arterioles; ↑blood glucose
Addison's disease, inflammation, immune suppression, asthma, GRAVES' EXOPTHALMOS Tox: Iatrogenic Cushing's syndrome |
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Desmopressin
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ddAVP, but no effect on V1 receptors (no vasoconstriction)
Diabetes Insipidus Von Willebrand Disease: ddAVP induces release of endothelial procoagulation proteins (including VWF) |