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34 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Lispro
Short acting insulin
Post-prandial Hyperglycemia
Aspart
Short acting insulin
Post-prandial Hyperglycemia
Insulin
Short acting insulin
Intravenous Hyperglycemia, Hyperkalemia
Neutral Protamine Hagedorn (NPH)
Intermediate acting insulin
2x daily dosing
Hyperglycemia, Hyperkalemia
Glargine
Long acting insulin
1x daily dosing
Hyperglycemia, Hyperkalemia
Detemir
Long acting insulin
Hyperglycemia, Hyperkalemia
Tolbutamide
1st gen sulfonylurea: close K+ channel in βcell= depolarization... insulin release
Type 2 DM- requires some islet function

Tox: disulfarim-like effects (hypersensitivity to alcohol)
Agranulotosis from sulfa allergy
Chloropropamide
1st gen sulfonylurea: close K+ channel in βcell= depolarization... insulin release
Type 2 DM- requires some islet function

Tox: disulfarim-like effects (hypersensitivity to alcohol)
Agranulotosis from sulfa allergy
Glyburide
2nd gen sulfonylurea: close K+ channel in βcell= depolarization... insulin release
Type 2 DM- requires some islet function

Tox: Agranulotosis from sulfa allergy
Glimepiride
2nd gen sulfonylurea: close K+ channel in βcell= depolarization... insulin release
Type 2 DM- requires some islet function

Tox: Agranulotosis from sulfa allergy
Glipizide
2nd gen sulfonylurea: close K+ channel in βcell= depolarization... insulin release
Type 2 DM- requires some islet function

Tox: Agranulotosis from sulfa allergy
Metformin
Activates AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)= ↓liver gluconeogenesis; others that lead to INSULIN SENSITIZATION
Type 2 DM w/Obesity
Do not need Islet cell function

Tox: LACTIC ACIDOSIS
Contra: RENAL FAILURE
Pioglitazone
↑insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissue by binding to PPARγ (intracellular nuclear receptor)= alters transcription= ↑adiponectin; takes time for effect b/c of modification in gene transcription
End up ↓insulin release

Type 2 DM- can be use in monotherapy or combined

Tox: Weight Gain, EDEMA, HEPATOTOX, cardiovasc tox
Precipitates CHF
Rosiglitazone
↑insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissue by binding to PPARγ (intracellular nuclear receptor)= alters transcription= ↑adiponectin; takes time for effect b/c of modification in gene transcription
End up ↑insulin release

Type 2 DM- can be use in monotherapy or combined

Tox: Weight Gain, EDEMA, hepatotox, cardiovasc tox
Precipitates CHF
Acarbose
Inhibits intestinal α-glucosidase= ↓postprandial hyperglycemia
Type 2 DM

Tox: GI disturbances
Miglitol
Inhibits intestinal α-glucosidase= ↓postprandial hyperglycemia
Type 2 DM

Tox: GI disturbances
Pramlintide
↓glucagon
Type 2 DM
Tox: nausea, diarrhea
Exanatide
↑insulin, ↓glucagon
Type 2 DM
Tox: nausea, vomiting, pacreatitis
Orlistat
Inhibits pancreatic lipase= altered fat metabolism
Obesity

Tox: steatorrhea, ↓fat soluble vitamin absorption, headache
Sibutramine
Sympathomimetic: 5HT & NE reuptake inhibitor
Obesity

Tox: hypertension, tachycardia
Bromocriptine
Dopamine agonist
Prolactinoma
Propylthiouracil
Inhibits Peroxidase (organification of iodide, coupling of thyroid hormone synthesis) and peripheral conversion of T4 to T3
Hyperthyroidism

Tox: skin rash, agranulocytosis, aplastic anemia
Methimazole
Inhibits Peroxidase (organification of iodide, coupling of thyroid hormone synthesis)
Hyperthyroidism

Tox: skin rash, agranulocytosis, aplastic anemia
B Blockers for Hyperthyroidism
Dec HR and block peripheral conversion of T4 to T3
Hyperthyroidism; does NOT help exopthalmos though (use glucocorticoids)
Levothyroxine
Triiodothyronine
Hypothyroidism, myxedema
Tox: tachycardia, heat intolerance, tremors, arrhythmias
Ipodate
Blocks peripheral conversion of T4 to T3
Hyperthyroidism
Potassium Iodide
Prevents thyroid absorption of radioactive iodine by competitive receptor inhibition
Perchlorate
Prevents thyroid absorption of radioactive iodine by competitive receptor inhibition
Pertechnetate
Prevents thyroid absorption of radioactive iodine by competitive receptor inhibition
Growth Hormone
GH deficiency, Turner's Syndrome
Octreotride
Somatostatin
Acromegaly, carcinoid, gastrinoma, glucagonoma
Demeclocycline
ADH antagonist
SIADH

Tox: photosensitivity, abnormalities of bone and teeth
Hydrocortisone
Prednisone
Triamcinolone
Dexamethasone
Beclomethasone
Glucocorticoids: ↑lipocortin= ↓Phospholipase A2; ↓ COX2 expression; ↓IL-2 and T cells; ↑α1 receptors of arterioles; ↑blood glucose

Addison's disease, inflammation, immune suppression, asthma, GRAVES' EXOPTHALMOS

Tox: Iatrogenic Cushing's syndrome
Desmopressin
ddAVP, but no effect on V1 receptors (no vasoconstriction)
Diabetes Insipidus

Von Willebrand Disease: ddAVP induces release of endothelial procoagulation proteins (including VWF)