Endocrine Drugs

Front 1

Corticotropin

Back 1

ACTH
MoA:

Front 2

Cosyntropin

Back 2

Synthetic Human ACTH
MoA: Adrenal cortex, G -> ^cAMP, stimulates rate limiting step (Cholestrol to pregenolone-> ends with synthesis & release of adrenocorticosteroids & androgens
SE: Similar to glucocorticoids
Use: diagnosis of adrenal insufficiency

Front 3

Somatrem

Back 3

Somaotropin Agonist (GH)
MoA: Induce release of IGF-I from liver
SE:
Use: treatment of GH deficiency in Children

Front 4

Octreotide

Back 4

Somatostatin Agonist
MoA:
SE: Flatulence, nausea, steatorrhea, delayed Gallbladder emptying, cholesterol gallstones
Use: Treatment of acromegaly caused by hormone-secreting tumors and in secretory diarrhea from VIPomas

Front 5

Pegvisomant

Back 5

GH receptor Antagonist
MoA: results in noramlization of IGF-I levels
SE:
Use: treatment of acromegaly that is refractory to surgical, radiologic or pharmacologic intervention.

Front 6

Leuprolide

Back 6

GnRH analog
MoA: GnRH agonist, continuous release inhibits gonadotropin release
SE:hypersensitivity, dermatitis, headache, WOMEN: hot flashes, sweating, diminished libido, depression, ovarian cysts
Contraindicated in pregnancy, breastfeeding.
MEN: bone pain, hot flashes, edema, gynecomastia, diminished libido (from initial rise in testosterone?)
Use:

Front 7

Goserelin

Back 7

GnRH analog
MoA: GnRH agonist, continuous release inhibits gonadotropin release
SE:hypersensitivity, dermatitis, headache, WOMEN: hot flashes, sweating, diminished libido, depression, ovarian cysts
Contraindicated in pregnancy, breastfeeding.
MEN: bone pain, hot flashes, edema, gynecomastia, diminished libido (from initial rise in testosterone?)
Use:

Front 8

Nafarelin

Back 8

GnRH analog
MoA: GnRH agonist, continuous release inhibits gonadotropin release
SE:hypersensitivity, dermatitis, headache, WOMEN: hot flashes, sweating, diminished libido, depression, ovarian cysts
Contraindicated in pregnancy, breastfeeding.
MEN: bone pain, hot flashes, edema, gynecomastia, diminished libido (from initial rise in testosterone?)
Use:

Front 9

Histrelin

Back 9

GnRH analog
MoA: GnRH agonist, continuous release inhibits gonadotropin release
SE:hypersensitivity, dermatitis, headache, WOMEN: hot flashes, sweating, diminished libido, depression, ovarian cysts
Contraindicated in pregnancy, breastfeeding.
MEN: bone pain, hot flashes, edema, gynecomastia, diminished libido (from initial rise in testosterone?)
Use:

Front 10

Menotropins

Back 10

hMG, FSH & LH
MoA
SE: ovarian enlargment, hypovolemia, multiple births, gynecomastia.

Use: treatment of infertility in men & women. Injection for 5-12 days with subsequent injection of hCG, ovulation occurs.

Front 11

Urofollitropin

Back 11

FSH
MoA
SE: ovarian enlargment, hypovolemia, multiple births, gynecomastia.
Use: treatment of infertility in men & women. Injection for 5-12 days with subsequent injection of hCG, ovulation occurs.

Front 12

hCG

Back 12

LH agonist
MoA:
SE: ovarian enlargment, hypovolemia, multiple births, gynecomastia.
Use: Men- causes external sewual maturation in those lacking gonatropins, subsequent injection with hMG, spermatogenesis occurs.

Front 13

Follitropin beta

Back 13

human FSH
FSH
MoA
SE: ovarian enlargment, hypovolemia, multiple births, gynecomastia.
Use: treatment of infertility in men & women. Injection for 5-12 days with subsequent injection of hCG, ovulation occurs.

Front 14

Bromocriptine

Back 14

D2-receptor agonist
MoA: D2 Agonist-inhibits prolactin secretion. Increases hypothalamic dopamine by decreasing its turnover.
SE: Nausea, headache, psychiatric problems
Use: treatment of hyperprolactinemia-galactorrrhea, hypogonadism. Treatment of microadenomas & macroprolactinomas.

Front 15

Cabergoline

Back 15

D2-receptor agonist
MoA: D2 Agonist-inhibits prolactin secretion. Increases hypothalamic dopamine by decreasing its turnover.
SE: Nausea, headache, psychiatric problems
Use: treatment of hyperprolactinemia-galactorrrhea, hypogonadism. Treatment of microadenomas & macroprolactinomas.

Front 16

Oxytocin/Pitocin

Back 16

SE: hypertensive crises, uterine repture, water retention, fetal death.
Contraindicated in abnormal fetal presentation, fetal distress, premature births
Use: Obstetrics, stimulates uterine contraction to induce or reinforce labor or to promote ejection of breast mike.

Front 17

Desmopressin

Back 17

V2 agonist, minimal V1
MoA: binds at V2 to increase water permeability & resorption in the collectin tubules.
SE: water intoxication & hyponatremia.
Use: Diabetes insipidus, nocturnal enuresis

Front 18

Vasopressin

Back 18

V1, V2 agonist
MoA: V2: water permeability & reabsorption in collection tubules.]
V1: in liver, VSM causes constriction
SE: water intoxication, hyponatremia, headache, bronchoconstriction, tremor
Use:

Front 19

Levathyroxine

Back 19

T4
MoA
SE: nervousness, heart palpitations, tachycardia, intolerance to heat, unexplained weight loss

Use: Hypothyroidism

Front 20

Propylthiouracil

Back 20

MoA: concentrated in thyroid, inhibit both oxidative processes required for iodination of tyrosyl groups and coupling of iodotyrosines to form T3 & T4
SE: agranulocytosis, rash, edema, GI, thyroid deficiency
Use: Hyperthyroidism

Front 21

Methimazole

Back 21

MoA: concentrated in thyroid, inhibit both oxidative processes required for iodination of tyrosyl groups and coupling f iodotyrosines to form T3 & T4
SE: agranulocytosis, rash, edema
Use: Hyperthyroidism

Front 22

Beta Blockers

Back 22

effective in blocking widespread sympathetic stimulation that occurs in hyperthyroidism
Use: Thyroid storm

Front 23

Diltiazem

Back 23

Calcium blocker
Use: treatment of Thyroid storm in patients with HF or asthma

Front 24

Iodide

Back 24

MoA: inhibits the release of thyroide hormones from thyroglobulin.
SE: sore mouth & throat, swelling of the tongue or larynx, rashes, ulcerations of mucous membranes, metallic taste
Use: thyrotoxic crisis, prior to surgery b/c it decreases vascularity of thyroid gland.

Front 25

Insulin aspart

Back 25

Faster onset/shorter duration of action
SE: Pregnancy cat B
due to hypoglycemia: Tachycardia, confusion, vertigo, diaphoresis; Lipodystrophy, hypersensitivity
USE: administered just prior to starting a meal

Front 26

Insulin detemir

Back 26

Long acting insulins
SE:due to hypoglycemia: Tachycardia, confusion, vertigo, diaphoresis; Lipodystrophy, hypersensitivity

Front 27

Insulin glargine

Back 27

Long acting insulins
SE:due to hypoglycemia: Tachycardia, confusion, vertigo, diaphoresis; Lipodystrophy, hypersensitivity

Front 28

Insulin glulisine

Back 28

Short acting insulin
SE:due to hypoglycemia: Tachycardia, confusion, vertigo, diaphoresis; Lipodystrophy, hypersensitivity
Use: 15 mins before or w/in 20 mins after starting a meal.

Front 29

NPH insulin suspension

Back 29

Insulin conjugated with protamine
Intermediate-acting insulin
SE: due to hypoglycemia: Tachycardia, confusion, vertigo, diaphoresis; Lipodystrophy, hypersensitivity
Use: basal control, usually given along with rapid/short acting insulin for mealtime control.

Front 30

Regular Insulin

Back 30

Rapid-acting insulin
SE: Pregnancy cat B
due to hypoglycemia: Tachycardia, confusion, vertigo, diaphoresis; Lipodystrophy, hypersensitivity

Front 31

Pramlintide

Back 31

synthetic analog of Amylin
MoA: delays gastric emptying, decrease postprandial glucagon secretion, improves satiety
SE: GI: nausea, anorexia, vomiting
Use: adjuct to mealtime insulin therapy

Front 32

Insulin lispro

Back 32

Faster onset/shorter duration of action
SE: Pregnancy cat B
USE: 15 mins before or immediately following a meal

Front 33

Tolbutamide

Back 33

1st gen sulfonylurea
MoA: block ATP-sensitive K+ channels, causing depolarization and Ca++ influx, stimulating insulin release; reduction in hepatic glucose production, increase in peripheral insulin sensitivity
SE: weight gain, hyperinsulinemia, hypooglyemia.
Use: treatment of DM2

Front 34

Glyburide

Back 34

2nd gen sulfonylurea
MoA: In beta islet cells block ATP-sensitive K+ channels, causing depolarization and Ca++ influx, stimulating insulin release; reduction in hepatic glucose production, increase in peripheral insulin sensitivity
SE: weight gain, hyperinsulinemia, hypooglyemia.
Use: treatment of DM2

Front 35

Glipizide

Back 35

2nd gen sulfonylurea
MoA: block ATP-sensitive K+ channels, causing depolarization and Ca++ influx, stimulating insulin release; reduction in hepatic glucose production, increase in peripheral insulin sensitivity
SE: weight gain, hyperinsulinemia, hypooglyemia.
Use: treatment of DM2

Front 36

Glimepiride

Back 36

2nd gen sulfonylurea
MoA: block ATP-sensitive K+ channels, causing depolarization and Ca++ influx, stimulating insulin release; reduction in hepatic glucose production, increase in peripheral insulin sensitivity
SE: weight gain, hyperinsulinemia, hypooglyemia.
Use: treatment of DM2

Front 37

Repaglinide

Back 37

Meglitinide analogs
MoA: block ATP-sensitive K+ channels, causing depolarization and Ca++ influx, stimulating insulin release;
SE: hypoglysemia
Use: postprandial glucose regulators

Front 38

Nateglinide

Back 38

Meglitinide analogs
MoA: block ATP-sensitive K+ channels, causing depolarization and Ca++ influx, stimulating insulin release;
SE: hypoglysemia
Use: postprandial glucose regulators

Front 39

Metformin

Back 39

biguanide
MoA: reduction of hepatic glucose output by inhibiting hepatic gluconeogenesis; slows intestinal absorption of sugars and improves peripheral glucose uptake and utilization. reduces hyperlipidemia.
SE: GI:
Use: DM2

Front 40

Troglitazone

Back 40

Thiazolidinediones/glitazone
MoA
SE: Hepatoxcity, weight gain, osteopenia, increased fracture risk. increased MI. Headache, anemia. decrease effectiveness of Oral contraceptives
Use: Not used due to heptatoxicity
DM2

Front 41

Pioglitazone

Back 41

Thiazolidinediones/glitazone
MoA: ligand for PPAR-gamma; increased insulin sensitivity in adipose, liver, skeletal muscle. Hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, hypertriacylglycerolemia, and elevated HbA1c levls are improved. HDL lvls increase. LDL levels do not change.
SE: Hepatoxcity, weight gain, osteopenia, increased fracture risk. increased MI. Headache, anemia. decrease effectiveness of Oral contraceptives
Use:
DM2 2nd line

Front 42

Rosiglitazone

Back 42

MoA: ligand for PPAR-gamma; increased insulin sensitivity in adipose, liver, skeletal muscle. Hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, hypertriacylglycerolemia, and elevated HbA1c levls are improved. HDL lvls increase. LDL levels increase.
SE: Hepatoxcity, weight gain, osteopenia, increased fracture risk. increased MI. Headache, anemia. decrease effectiveness of Oral contraceptives
Use: DM2 2nd line
DM2

Front 43

Liothyronine

Back 43

T3
MoA: activation of nuclear receptors results in gene expression with RNA formation and protein synthesis
SE: due to Thyroid excess
Use: hypothyroidism

Front 44

Propranolol

Back 44

Beta antagonist
MoA Inhibits T4 to T3 conversion
SE: Asthma, AV blockade, hypotension, bradycardia
Use: hyperthyroidism, thyroid storm, controls tachycardia, hypertension, atrial fibrillation

Front 45

Lugol solution

Back 45

IODIDES
MoA: Inhibit organification & hormone release, reduces the size and vascularity of the gland
SE: Rare, rash, swollen salivary glands, mucous membrane ulcerations, conjunctivitis, rhinorhea, drug fever, metallic taste, bleeding, anaphylactoid reactions
Use: Preparation of surgical thyroidectomy

Front 46

Potassium iodide

Back 46

IODIDES
MoA: Inhibit organification & hormone release, reduces the size and vascularity of the gland
SE: Rare, rash, swollen salivary glands, mucous membrane ulcerations, conjunctivitis, rhinorhea, drug fever, metallic taste, bleeding, anaphylactoid reactions
Use: Preparation of surgical thyroidectomy

Front 47

Radioactive Iodine

Back 47

MoA: 131 Iodide, radiation destruction of thyroid parenchyma
SE: Sore throat, sialitis (inflammation of salivatory glands), hypothyroidism
Use: Hyperthyroidism, should be euthyroid or Peta blockers before RAI. Avoid in pregnancy or in nursing mothers