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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Corpus luteum
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The structure that forms on the surface of the ovary after every ovulation and acts as a short-lived endocrine organ that secretes progesterone.
Phase 4 (luteal phase) |
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Ovaries
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They function both as ENDOCRINE glands-producing sex steriod hormones "Estrogen & Progestin"
REPRODUCTIVE glands- producing mature ova. |
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Estrogen
Estradiol (sex steriod hormone) |
a sex steriod hormone of estrogen that is the principle secretory product of the ovary. It regulates: -gonadotropin (FSH,LH) secretion via neg. feedback to the pituitary.
-the development of sex characteristics. -monthly endometrial growth. -thickening of vaginal mucosa. -thinning of of cervical mucus -growth of the "ductal" system of the breast. |
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Progestin
Progesterone (sex steriod hormone) |
Is the principle secretory product of the corpus luteum. Also produced by the Placenta.
- aids in the tissue growth of the endometrium. Important for endometrial egg implatation and maintenance of pregnancy. -induction of menstruation. -during pregnancy,inhibits uterine contractions. -increases viscosity of cervical mucus. (to protect baby from external contam.) -aids in the growth of the "alveolar glands" of the breast. |
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Anterior pituitary
(gonadotropins) |
FSH and LH.
Both play a role in hormonal communication between the pituitary gland and the ovaries in the regulation of the Menstrual cycle. Teste stimulation. |
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Endometrium
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The mucous membrane lining the uterus.
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Menarche
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the first menses in a young woman's life, and the beginning of cycle menstrual function.
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Ovarian follicle
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The location of egg production and ovulation in the ovary; the precursor to corpus luteum.
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Ovulation
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The rupture of the ovaian follicle, resulting in the release of an unfertilized egg into the peritoneal cavity.
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Phase 1
Menstruation phase |
Initiates the cycle and last from 5 to7 days.
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Phase 2
Follicular phase |
1. FSH= creates mature ovum.
2. Increased estrogen= stimulates pit. to release LH and decrease FSH. 3. Increased estrogen= proliferates uterine lining. |
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Phase 3
Ovulation phase |
1. Estrogen and LH levels peak.
2. Release of the unfertilized ovum from the ovary. |
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Phase 4
Luteal phase |
1. Ovarian follicle erupts (ovulation)= follicle now called corpus luteum that secretes progesterone - (Maintaining uterine lining)
2. Increased progesterone= inhibits LH release. * If egg is not fertilized, corpus luteum degenerates, progesterone decreases, & menstruation occurs. |
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What are Estrogen drugs used for? e.g. (Premarin)
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-contraception
-treat dysmenorrhea -treat ovarian failure -hormone replacement -relieve hot flashes -treat atrophic vaginitis -slow disease of prostatic cancer in men. |
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What are the actions of Estrogen on the body?
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-Feminization
-Release of pit. gonadotropins -Inhibit ovulation -Capillary dilation -Protien metabolism -Increase clotting factors= enhanced blood coagulation -Decreased rate of bone resorption by antagonizing parathyroid hormone. -Promote renal Na and water retention, causing edema, wt. gain, breast tenderness & HTN. -Affects libido -Inhibits postpartum breast engorgement. -Promote uterine lining development. *Excessive exposure= endometrial hyperplasia. |
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What are the Side Effects of Estrogen?
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Expected:
-Wt. gain -Edema -Breast tenderness -Nausea ( most undesirable) |
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What are the Adverse Effects of Estrogen?
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To Report:
-Thrombophlebitis (serious) -HTN -Hyperglycemia -Breakthrough vaginal bleeding -Wt. gain >5lbs/week or 2lbs. a day. -Migraine HA *Increased Risk of MI& HTN for smokers. *Preg. category X *Chloasma brn. spots on sun exposed skin. |
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What are the most concerns for Estrogen therapy?
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Too much:
-Cardiovascular events -Breast cancer -Endometrial hyperplasia -Endometrial Cancer |
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What are the Contraindications for Estrogen therapy?
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Patient Hx of:
-Thromboembolic disorders -CVD or CAD -Breast cancer -Estrogenic-dependent tumors -Pregnancy -Undiagnosed vaginal bleeding -Migraine HA |
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What are the Actions of Progestin drugs?
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-They inhibit secretion of LH from gonadotropins in ant. pit.
-Prevent release of ovarian follicles=inhibiting ovulation & lactation. -Smooth muscle relaxation -Maintains lining of uterus -Increases body temp. -Inhibits aldosterone which leads to compensatory aldosterone release & Na/water retention. |
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What is Progestins used for?
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-To treat amenorrhea
-Break-through uterine bleeding -To help Tx endometriosis -Used alone, or in combo with estrogenas contraceptives -Tx of functional uterine bleeding caused by hormonal imbalance, fibroids, or uterine cancer. -Prevent threatened miscarriages. |
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What are Progestins Side Effects?
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Expected:
-Wt. Gain, Edema -N/V/D -Tiredness -Oily scalp -Acne -Dysmenorrhea (cramps) |
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What are Progestins Adverse Effects?
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Report:
-Hepatic dysfunction & Cholestatic jaundice (serious) -Breakthrough bleeding -Amenorrhea -Continuing HA -Mental depression |
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Common Progestin Drug
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medroxyprogesterone:
-common use is to prevent endometrial cancer. -Used to Tx amenorrhea -Tx symptoms of PMS -Contraception for 3 mo. (Depo-Provera) -Preg. category X |
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What are Oral Contraceptives?
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-The most effective form of birth control avail.
-Estrogen/Progestin combinations or progestins alone. -Biphasic or triphasic dosing. -They regulate the menstrual cycle. -Estrogen inhibits the secretion of FSH from stimulating follicle maturation. Progestin inhibits LH release & prevents release of follicle from ovary this action increases mucous viscosity= decreasing sperm movement and fertilization. -They decrease the incidence of cysts and ectopic preg. |
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What are Oral Contraceptives effected by?
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-Barbiturates, antifungals, antibiotics.
-decrease effectiveness on Oral hypoglycemics, oral anticoagulants, vitamins, TCA's. |
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What are Oral Contraceptives Side Effects? (Expected)
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Expected:
Nausea Wt. Gain Spotting Missed periods Depression, mood changes Chloasma (Estrogen effect) Headaches |
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What are Oral Contraceptives Side Effects? (To report)
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Report:
-leg/chest pain -SOB -missed periods -breakthrough vaginal bleeding -yeast infection -Blurred vision (a result of HTN) -Continuing Headaches -Dizziness -Acute abdominal pain *Risk of Thromboembolic events if: >15 cigs/day Hx of Thromboembolism, HTN, CVD |
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What is Minipill?
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-Contains only Progestin.
-It inhibits the release of LH. -Causes cervical mucus to remain thick. Thins the lining of the Uterus -Less effective than combined Oral contraceptives. -Women may continue to ovulate -5% failure rate -higher incidence of both uterine and tubal preg. -Irregular vaginal bleeding -Dysmenorrhea common S.E. -Women unable to take estrogen due to hx of migraines may benefit from a "progestin only" pill. |
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What is Luteinizing Hormone (LH)?
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Responsible for the release of the ovum from the follicle.
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What are the Side Effects of Minipill? (To expect)
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-Same as Progesterone.
-irregular menstruation -*Ovulation may occur (patient could get pregnant) Side Effects to Report: -sudden severe abd. pain d/t increased incidence of ectopic pregnancy because ovulation may not be inhibited. |