Endo Notes From Mosby's

Front 1

instrument used for canal enlargement

Back 1

Reamer

Front 2

strongest of all instruments and cut least aggressively, most useful instruments for removing hard tissue

Back 2

K file

Front 3

most apical end of root (also known as radiographic apex)

Back 3

Anatomic apex

Front 4

rarely coincides w/ anatomic apex and usually about 0.5mm short of it

Back 4

Apical foramen

Front 5

located about 0.5mm from apical foramen; is a natural stop in RCT and is detected by apex locator

Back 5

Apical constriction

Front 6

-all have distal axial inclination, so bur should be angled slightly to distal when accessing to prevent mesial perforation

Back 6

maxillary anteriors

Front 7

most likely to have 2 canals, w/ 60% having 2 roots; other 40% have one root w/ 2 separate canals; easily perforated on mesial due to concavity on mesial side of crown

Back 7

Maxillary First Premolar

Front 8

access of mandibular molars

Back 8

trapezoid

Front 9

access of max molars

Back 9

triangular

Front 10

# of canals in mand 1st molar

Back 10

2 roots, 3 canals (2 M, 1D)

Front 11

# of canals in Canine

Back 11

1 root, 1 canal (100%)

Front 12

# of canals 1st premolar

Back 12

2 roots, 2 canals (75%)

Front 13

# of canals 2nd premolar

Back 13

1 root, 1 canal (75%)

Front 14

# of canals 1st molar

Back 14

most often 3 roots, 4 canals (2 in MB root) (60%)

Front 15

reported as most critical step to RCT success

Back 15

obturation

Front 16

# 1 cause of endo failure

Back 16

inadequate seal- coronal seal (coronal leakange) more imp than apical seal

Front 17

instrument used for canal enlargement

Back 17

Reamer

Front 18

strongest of all instruments and cut least aggressively, most useful instruments for removing hard tissue

Back 18

K file

Front 19

most apical end of root (also known as radiographic apex)

Back 19

Anatomic apex

Front 20

rarely coincides w/ anatomic apex and usually about 0.5mm short of it

Back 20

Apical foramen

Front 21

located about 0.5mm from apical foramen; is a natural stop in RCT and is detected by apex locator

Back 21

Apical constriction

Front 22

-all have distal axial inclination, so bur should be angled slightly to distal when accessing to prevent mesial perforation

Back 22

maxillary anteriors

Front 23

most likely to have 2 canals, w/ 60% having 2 roots; other 40% have one root w/ 2 separate canals; easily perforated on mesial due to concavity on mesial side of crown

Back 23

Maxillary First Premolar

Front 24

access of mandibular molars

Back 24

trapezoid

Front 25

access of max molars

Back 25

triangular

Front 26

# of canals in mand 1st molar

Back 26

2 roots, 3 canals (2 M, 1D)

Front 27

# of canals in Canine

Back 27

1 root, 1 canal (100%)

Front 28

# of canals 1st premolar

Back 28

2 roots, 2 canals (75%)

Front 29

# of canals 2nd premolar

Back 29

1 root, 1 canal (75%)

Front 30

# of canals 1st molar

Back 30

most often 3 roots, 4 canals (2 in MB root) (60%)

Front 31

reported as most critical step to RCT success

Back 31

obturation

Front 32

# 1 cause of endo failure

Back 32

inadequate seal- coronal seal (coronal leakange) more imp than apical seal

Front 33

place mix of sodium perborate and water in chamber and return in 2-6 wks; several repetitions performed

Back 33

walking bleach technique

Front 34

place oxidizing agent (30% H2O2/Superoxol) into pulp chamber and apply heat (2mm cement barrier needed when Superoxol used);complications, cervical resorption as bleach/heat damage cementum and PDL

Back 34

thermocatalyitc bleaching

Front 35

has ph of 12.5 which cauterizes tissue and causes superficial necrosis, which encourages pulp to induce production of reparative dentin

Back 35

Calcium hydroxide

Front 36

radioopaque, hyrdophilllic, non toxic, induces hard tissue formation, long setting time, hard to maniupulate

Back 36

MTA

Front 37

surgical removal of small portion of coronal pulp tissue to preserve remaining coronal and radicular pulp tissue; indicated in teeth where inflammation less than 2mm into pulp chamber and not into root orifices, traumatic exposures less than 24 hrs, or immature permt. teeth, good prognosis, depending on adequate removal of inflamed pulp, disinfection of dentin/pulp, avoidance of clot formation, and good seal on restoration

Back 37

Cvek Pulpotomy

Front 38

instrument used for canal enlargement

Back 38

Reamer

Front 39

strongest of all instruments and cut least aggressively, most useful instruments for removing hard tissue

Back 39

K file

Front 40

most apical end of root (also known as radiographic apex)

Back 40

Anatomic apex

Front 41

rarely coincides w/ anatomic apex and usually about 0.5mm short of it

Back 41

Apical foramen

Front 42

located about 0.5mm from apical foramen; is a natural stop in RCT and is detected by apex locator

Back 42

Apical constriction

Front 43

-all have distal axial inclination, so bur should be angled slightly to distal when accessing to prevent mesial perforation

Back 43

maxillary anteriors

Front 44

most likely to have 2 canals, w/ 60% having 2 roots; other 40% have one root w/ 2 separate canals; easily perforated on mesial due to concavity on mesial side of crown

Back 44

Maxillary First Premolar

Front 45

access of mandibular molars

Back 45

trapezoid

Front 46

access of max molars

Back 46

triangular

Front 47

# of canals in mand 1st molar

Back 47

2 roots, 3 canals (2 M, 1D)

Front 48

# of canals in Canine

Back 48

1 root, 1 canal (100%)

Front 49

# of canals 1st premolar

Back 49

2 roots, 2 canals (75%)

Front 50

# of canals 2nd premolar

Back 50

1 root, 1 canal (75%)

Front 51

# of canals 1st molar

Back 51

most often 3 roots, 4 canals (2 in MB root) (60%)

Front 52

reported as most critical step to RCT success

Back 52

obturation

Front 53

# 1 cause of endo failure

Back 53

inadequate seal- coronal seal (coronal leakange) more imp than apical seal

Front 54

place mix of sodium perborate and water in chamber and return in 2-6 wks; several repetitions performed

Back 54

walking bleach technique

Front 55

place oxidizing agent (30% H2O2/Superoxol) into pulp chamber and apply heat (2mm cement barrier needed when Superoxol used);complications, cervical resorption as bleach/heat damage cementum and PDL

Back 55

thermocatalyitc bleaching

Front 56

has ph of 12.5 which cauterizes tissue and causes superficial necrosis, which encourages pulp to induce production of reparative dentin

Back 56

Calcium hydroxide

Front 57

radioopaque, hyrdophilllic, non toxic, induces hard tissue formation, long setting time, hard to maniupulate

Back 57

MTA

Front 58

surgical removal of small portion of coronal pulp tissue to preserve remaining coronal and radicular pulp tissue; indicated in teeth where inflammation less than 2mm into pulp chamber and not into root orifices, traumatic exposures less than 24 hrs, or immature permt. teeth, good prognosis, depending on adequate removal of inflamed pulp, disinfection of dentin/pulp, avoidance of clot formation, and good seal on restoration

Back 58

Cvek Pulpotomy

Front 59

instrument used for canal enlargement

Back 59

Reamer

Front 60

strongest of all instruments and cut least aggressively, most useful instruments for removing hard tissue

Back 60

K file

Front 61

most apical end of root (also known as radiographic apex)

Back 61

Anatomic apex

Front 62

rarely coincides w/ anatomic apex and usually about 0.5mm short of it

Back 62

Apical foramen

Front 63

located about 0.5mm from apical foramen; is a natural stop in RCT and is detected by apex locator

Back 63

Apical constriction

Front 64

-all have distal axial inclination, so bur should be angled slightly to distal when accessing to prevent mesial perforation

Back 64

maxillary anteriors

Front 65

most likely to have 2 canals, w/ 60% having 2 roots; other 40% have one root w/ 2 separate canals; easily perforated on mesial due to concavity on mesial side of crown

Back 65

Maxillary First Premolar

Front 66

access of mandibular molars

Back 66

trapezoid

Front 67

access of max molars

Back 67

triangular

Front 68

# of canals in mand 1st molar

Back 68

2 roots, 3 canals (2 M, 1D)

Front 69

# of canals in Canine

Back 69

1 root, 1 canal (100%)

Front 70

# of canals 1st premolar

Back 70

2 roots, 2 canals (75%)

Front 71

# of canals 2nd premolar

Back 71

1 root, 1 canal (75%)

Front 72

# of canals 1st molar

Back 72

most often 3 roots, 4 canals (2 in MB root) (60%)

Front 73

reported as most critical step to RCT success

Back 73

obturation

Front 74

# 1 cause of endo failure

Back 74

inadequate seal- coronal seal (coronal leakange) more imp than apical seal

Front 75

place mix of sodium perborate and water in chamber and return in 2-6 wks; several repetitions performed

Back 75

walking bleach technique

Front 76

place oxidizing agent (30% H2O2/Superoxol) into pulp chamber and apply heat (2mm cement barrier needed when Superoxol used);complications, cervical resorption as bleach/heat damage cementum and PDL

Back 76

thermocatalyitc bleaching

Front 77

has ph of 12.5 which cauterizes tissue and causes superficial necrosis, which encourages pulp to induce production of reparative dentin

Back 77

Calcium hydroxide

Front 78

radioopaque, hyrdophilllic, non toxic, induces hard tissue formation, long setting time, hard to maniupulate

Back 78

MTA

Front 79

surgical removal of small portion of coronal pulp tissue to preserve remaining coronal and radicular pulp tissue; indicated in teeth where inflammation less than 2mm into pulp chamber and not into root orifices, traumatic exposures less than 24 hrs, or immature permt. teeth, good prognosis, depending on adequate removal of inflamed pulp, disinfection of dentin/pulp, avoidance of clot formation, and good seal on restoration

Back 79

Cvek Pulpotomy