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59 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What kind of epithelium covers the surface of the ovary?
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Cuboidal germinal epithelium
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What is the cuboidal germinal epithelium of the ovary continuous with?
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Serosa of the mesovarium
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Do cells of the cuboidal germinal epithelium give rise to gametes?
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No
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What is the layer of dense fibrous CT just deep to the epithelium?
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Tunica Albuginea
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What is the Tunica Albuginea?
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The layer of dense fibrous CT just deep to the epithelium
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What are the types of follicles in the ovary?
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- Primordial follicles
- Primary follicles |
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Where are Primordial follicles located? What kind of cells surround them?
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- Primordial follicles located peripherally
- Surrounded by a single layer of SQUAMOUS follicular cells (arrow) |
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What surrounds the Primary follicles?
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- Cuboidal follicular cells in either a single layer (unilaminar) or multiple layers (multilaminar)
- Zona Pellucida - homogenous, eosinophilic, non-cellular layer of glycoproteins and proteoglycans residing just inside the innermost layer of follicular cells |
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What kind of follicle is this? What do the arrows point out?
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Primary Follicle
- Arrow points out the Zona Pellucida |
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What is the Zona Pellucida? What kind of follicles is it seen in?
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- Homgenous, eosinophilic, non-cellular layer of glycoproteins and proteoglycans
- Resides just inside the innermost layer of follicular cells in Primary Follicles |
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Why does it appear that some oocytes lack nuclei?
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They are very large cells, hence nuclei may be out of the plane of the section
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What kind of follicle is this?
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Unilaminar Primary Follicle
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What kind of follicle is this?
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Multilaminar Primary Follicle
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What kind of follicle is this?
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Primordial Follicle
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What kind of follicle is this?
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Secondary / Antral Follicle
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What are the components of a Secondary / Antral Follicle?
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- Membrana Granulosa: follicular cells lining the antrum cavity
- Theca Interna: layers of cuboidal follicular cells bordering the membranous granulosa - Zona Pellucida - Antrum Cavity |
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What is the term for the follicular cells lining the antrum cavity in Secondary / Antral Follicles?
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Membrana Granulosa
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What is the term for the layers of cuboidal follicular cells bordering the membrana granulosa in Secondary / Antral Follicles? Function?
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- Theca Interna
- Secrete estrogen precursors |
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What determines which secondary follicles will continue maturation to the point of ovulation?
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Density of FSH receptors
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Which type of follicle bulges from the ovarian surface and can occupy the entire ovarian cortex?
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Graafian Follicle
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Which What are the components of a Graafian Follicle?
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- Zona Pellucida
- Oocyte - Cumulus Oophorus - Corona Radiata - Antrum Cavity - Theca Externa |
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What type of follicle? What is structure A?
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Graafian Follicle:
- Oocyte: nucleus and nucleolus may not be in the plane of section |
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What type of follicle? What is structure C?
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Graafian Follicle:
- Zona Pellucida |
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What type of follicle? What is structure B?
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Graafian Follicle
- Corona Radiata (layer of cells just outside the zona pellucida |
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What part of the Graafian follicle is a stalk of cells supporting the oocyte (A) and corona radiata (B)?
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Cumulus Oophorus
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What type of follicle? What is structure D?
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Graafian Follicle:
- Antrum Cavity |
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What is the outer layer of the Graafian follicle? What does it contain?
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Theca Externa
- Several layers of spindle-shaped smooth muscle and CT cells along w/ collagen fibers just outside the Theca Interna - These cells merge with surrounding ovarian stroma |
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What can Atretic Follicles be derived from?
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- Primary follicles
- Primordial follicles |
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What are the signs that an atretic follicle (degenerationg) is derived from a Primary Follicle?
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You will see a Zona Pellucida that is collapsed onto itself, these are easy to identify
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What are the signs that an atretic follicle (degenerationg) is derived from a Primordial Follicle?
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No Zona Pellucida will be evident
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What kind of follicle is this?
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Atretic Follicle (undergoing follicular degeneration)
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What does the arrow point out?
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Corpus Luteum
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What material occupies the follicular cavity after ovulation?
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Eosinophilic material composed of CT-type infiltrate
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What kind of cells surround the former follicular cavity?
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Granulosa lutein cells (formerly membrana granulosa cells); they stain pale pink w/ round nuclei and extensive cytoplasm
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What does the long arrow indicate? Short arrow?
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- Long arrow: Theca Lutein cells
- Short arrow: Granulosa Lutein cells |
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What is the darkly staining CT components radiating into the granulosa lutein cells?
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Invagination contains Theca Lutein Cells
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Which are bigger, Theca or Granulosa Lutein cells?
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Granulosa Lutein Cells are larger
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What are the large cells that stain pale pink w/ round nuclei and extensive cytoplasm in the corpus luteum?
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Granulosa Lutein Cells - formerly Membrana Granulosa Cells
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What are the smaller somewhat basophilic cells d/t the closely packed nuclei?
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Theca Lutein Cells
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What is the function of the Corpus Luteum?
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Secretes progesterone to maintain the endometrial lining during pregnancy
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List two secretory products of the Corpus Luteum?
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- Progesterone
- Estrogen - Relaxin |
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When a Corpus Luteum is replaced by scar tissue, what does it become?
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Corpus Albicans
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What is this structure?
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Corpus Albicans - the replacement of the corpus luteum by scar tissue
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What is the uterine tube considered proximal and distal in relationship to?
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In relation to the uterus, not the ovary
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What is the funnel-shaped distal end of the uterine tube?
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Infundibulum
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What are the finger-like projections that extend from the infundibulum?
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Fimbriae
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What is the term for the distal 2/3 of the ovarian tube?
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Ampulla
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What type of epithelium lines the lumen of the ampulla of the ovarian duct?
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Ciliated and Non-ciliated Simple Columnar
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What is the term for the proximal 1/3 of the ovarian tube?
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Isthmus
(Note: Mucosal folds are less numerous; inner circular and outer longitudinal layers of smooth muscle surround this tube) |
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What is the segment of the ovarian tube that passes through the uterine wall?
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Intramural part
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How does the ampulla compare to the isthmus in the ovarian tube?
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Ampulla:
- Distal 2/3 - Mucosa is highly folded - Lined by ciliated and non-ciliated simple columnar epithelium - Muscularis has inner circular and outer longitudinal layers of smooth muscle Ampulla - Proximal 1/3 - Mucosal folds are less numerous - Inner circular and outer longitudinal layers of smooth muscle surround this tube |
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What surrounds the muscularis layer of the ovarian tube?
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Mesosalpinx
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What are the types of cells within the lining epithelium of the ovarian tube?
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Simple columnar cells:
- Ciliated - Non-ciliated |
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What kind of epithelium is found in the exocervix?
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Stratified squamous non-cornified (wet type) epithelium
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What type of epithelium is found in the cervical canal (endocervix)?
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Simple columnar epithelium
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What can you see histologically as you transition from the exocervix to the endocervix (cervical canal)?
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- Exocervix: stratified squamous, non-cornified (wet type)
- Endocervix: simple columnar epithelium |
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What is the clinical significance of the transition from the exocervix to the endocervix?
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Squamous epithelial cells in this region may develop cervical carcinoma
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What type of epithelium lines the wide, branched cervical glands?
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Simple columnar epithelium
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What are the phases of the menstrual cycle?
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1. Menstrual Phase (days 1-4)
2. Proliferative Phase (days 5-14) 3. Early Secretory Phase (days 15-18) 4. Secretory Phase (days 19-24) 5. Late Secretory Phase (days 25-28) |
