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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what are the functions of the musculoskeletal system
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to give body shape
to protect internal organs to provide for movement |
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what are the three kinds of muscles
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voluntary (skeletal)
involuntary (smooth) cardiac |
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the skeletal system
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supports the body allowing it to stand erect
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what do tendons do
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connect muscle to bone
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what do ligaments do
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connect bone to bone
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what is a sprain
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injury to a joint with possible tearing of ligaments
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what is a dislocation
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displacement of a bone from its normal position in a joint
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what is a direct force injury
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injury from a direct blow that occurs at the point of impact
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what is indirect force
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force impacts on one end of a limb causing injury some distance away from the point of impact
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twisting force
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one part of extremity remains stationary while the rest twists
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how much blood can be lost in a fermur fracture
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1,500 ml
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how much blood can be lost in a pelvic fracture
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two liters
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what can a traction splint accomplish on a femur fracture
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1. bone ends will be realigned, which will prevent further injury
2. the size of the thigh will be decreased which will allow less blood to accumulate |
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list steps to immobilize a suspected fracture
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1. use bsi
2. administer O2 3. maintain inline stabilization 4. splint bones and joint injuries 5. apply cold packs 6. elevate extremity 7. transport |
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what is a splint
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a device used to immobilize a body part
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what are the two basic reasons for splinting a bone injury
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prevents movment of any bone fragments
usually reduce pain and minimize complications from bone and joint injuries |
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what are the complications from bone and joint injuries
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damage to muscles,nerves, or blood vessels caused by movement of bone fragments
conversion of a closed fracture to an open fracture restriction of blood flow excessive bleeding from tissue damage increased pain paralysis |
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what are the general rules of splinting
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assess pulse motor function and sensation
immoblilize joints above and below the injury remove or cut clothing around injury cover all wounds if no pulse or deformed apply gentle traction (1 time) never replace protruding bones pad each splint apply splint reassess pulse motor function and sensation treat for shock |
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what is a rigid splint
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splints made of wood aluminum wire plastic cardboard or compressed wood
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air splints
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splint that is pumped with air to make it rigid. problem is that it can loose pressure in cold weather
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traction splints
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provide conterpull alleviating pain reducing blood loss and minimizing further injury
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vacuum splints
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soft pliable splints that are formed around deformed extremities air is sucked out causing it to become rigid
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impovised splints
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light weight but firm and rigid
as wide as the thickest part of the fractured limb extends past the joints padded |
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what do slings and swathes do
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the sling supports the patients arm while the swathe of clothe holds the patients arm against the side of the chest
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what can improper splinting do
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compress nerves, tissues, and blood vessels under the splint, agrivating the injury
delay the transport of a patient who has a life threatening injury reduce distal circulation aggrevate the bone or joint injury by allowing movement of bone fragements cause damage to tissues neves and blood vessels |
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signs of long bone injuries
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exposed bone ends
joints locked in position parasthesia a tingling sensation that indicats loos of sensation paralysis pallor of injury site |
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what are the principal signs and symptoms of joint injury
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pain, swelling, deformity, and possible rigidity and loss of function
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when do you not use a traction splint
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injury is within 1-2 inches of knee or ankle
the knee is injured hip has been injured pelvis has been injured there is a partial amputation or avulsion with bone seperation and the distal limb is connected only by marginal tissue |
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what are the signs and symptoms of compartment syndrome
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severe pain or burning
decreased strength in extremity paralysis of extrimity pain with movement extremity feeling hard in palpation distal pulses motor and sensory function possibly normal |
