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156 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Bloody show |
A small amount of blood in the vagina that appears at the beginning if labor and may include a plug or pink-tinged mucus that is discharged when the cervix begins to dilate. |
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Braxton hicks contractions |
False labor with irregular contractions that go away |
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Limb presentation |
A delivery in which the presenting part is a single arm or leg |
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Breeched delivery |
A delivery in which the buttocks comes out first |
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Prolapsed cord |
A situation in which the umbilical cord comes out of the vagina before the fetus |
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Nuchal cord |
An umbilical cord that is wrapped around the fetus's neck |
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Primipara |
Giving birth for the first time |
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Primigravida |
A woman who is experiencing her first pregnancy |
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Spontaneous abortion (miscarriage) |
The spontaneous passage of the fetus and placenta before 20 weeks |
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Pelvic inflammatory disease |
An infection of the upper female reproductive organs: the uterus, ovaries, and fallopian tubes. PID can lead to an ectopic pregnancy or an abscess, which can cause death. |
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Preeclampsia |
A pregnancy complication that is characterized by high blood pressure, headache, visual changes, and swelling of the hands and feet; also called pregnancy induced hypertension or toxemia of pregnancy. |
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Eclampsia |
Severe hypertension in a pregnant woman, resulting in seizures (convulsions) |
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Term gestation |
A pregnancy that has reached full term, between 39 weeks and 40 weeks, 6 days. |
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Placenta previa |
A condition in which the placenta develops over and covers the cervix |
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Etopic pregnancy |
A pregnancy that develops outside the uterus, typically in a fallopian tube |
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Abruptio placenta |
Premature separation of the placenta from the wall of the uterus |
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Croup |
An inflammatory disease of the upper respiratory system that may cause a partial airway obstruction and is characterized by a barking cough, usually seen in children |
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GCS Highest vs Lowest |
15 to 3 |
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How do you open and airway in a spinal injury |
Jaw-thrust maneuver |
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Epiglottis |
A thin, leaf shaped valve that allows air to pass into the trachea but prevents food and liquid from entering |
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Pulmonary embolism |
A blood clot formed in a vein, usually in the legs or pelvis, that breaks off and circulates through the venous system. The clot moves through the right side of the heart and into the pulmonary artery, wherre it comes lodged, significantly decreasing or blocking blood flow. |
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Occulsive dressings |
Protects the soft-tissue injury from air and bacteria but allows trapped air to escape. |
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SLUDGEM |
Salivation, Lacrimation, urination, diaphoresis, gastrointestinal, Emesis, muscle twitching/miosis |
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Toddler age range |
1 to 3 years |
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When splinting |
Do PMS before and after |
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Intracranial pressure |
Signified by Cushing reflex; increased systolic BP, decreased HR, and irregular respirations |
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How long to you have to turn in a report of suspected abuse |
36 hours |
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Kidnapping |
The seizing, confining, abducting, or carry away of a person by force, including transporting a competent adult for medical treatment without his or her consent |
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Negligence |
The failure to provide the same care that a person with similar training would provide in the same or a similar situation. It is deviation from the accepted standard of care that may result in further injury to the patient. |
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Abandonment |
The unilateral termination of care by the EMT without the patients consent and without making any provisions for continuing care by a medical professional who is competent to provide care for the patient. |
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Primary assessment |
Treat life threats and decide priority for patient transport. |
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Als def of shock |
Widespread inadequate tissue perfusion |
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Assault |
Defined as unlawfully placing a person in fear of immediate bodily harm. Threatening to restrain a patient who does not want to be transported could be considered assault |
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Battery |
Defined as unlawfully touching a person; this includes providing emergency care without consent |
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Duty to act |
An individual's responsibility to provide patient care |
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False imprisonment |
Defined as the unauthorized confinement of a person that lasts for an appreciable period of time. Consider a patient who rescinds consent during transport and demands to be let out of the ambulance. If you refuse you may be accused of false imprisonment |
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Defamation |
The communication of false information that damages the reputation of a person |
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Libel |
Defamation that is in writing |
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Slander |
Defamation that is spoken |
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Gross negligence |
Conduct that constitutes a willful or reckless disregard for a duty or standard of care |
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Cholecystitis |
4 Fs: Female, fat, forty, fertile |
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Arterial |
Bright red, squirting out with pulse |
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Venuous |
Darker than arterial, flows slowly or rapidly without squirting |
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Capillary |
Dark red oozes steadily but slowly |
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Traditional Haz mat rules to stay a safe distance |
Uphill and upwind (think fallout pipboy) |
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Red in triage |
Immediate |
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Yellow in triage |
Delayed |
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Green in triage |
Minor or minimal |
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Black in triage |
Expectant |
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Most effective communcation |
Body language, tone, words |
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If you left out info on a PCR what should you start the next document with |
Addendum |
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Once written the PCR becomes |
Permanent medical record |
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Who can you release patient info to (HIPAA) |
May be released for purposes of treatment, payment, or operations. Any information used to identify a patient is protected info. |
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Routes for poison |
Inhalation, absorption, ingestion, injection |
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Triage |
Triage is the process of sorting patients based on severity of their condition. Once all patients have been triaged, treatment and transport of these patients can begin. |
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(PASG) Pneumatic Anti-Shock Garment |
This is designed to provide uniform pressure on the lower extremities and abdomen. This is used in some EMS systems on shcok and hemorrhage patients. |
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Nitro indications |
Chest pain of cardiac origin |
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Nitro: contraindications |
Hypotension, use of sildenafil (viagra) or another treatment for erectile dysfunction within 24 hours, head injury |
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Nitro: Actions |
Dilates blood vessels |
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CPR technique |
Place hands or fingers placement at the center of the patients chest at the lower half of the breast bone |
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Adult placement cpr |
Both hands |
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Child placement CPR |
Heel of one hand or both hands |
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Infant placement cpr |
Two-finger or two-thumb encircling (2 rescuers) |
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Vent rate for anyone with an advanced airway |
6 seconds |
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Vent rate for adults |
5 to 6 seconds (10-12 breaths/min) |
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Vent rate on infant and peds |
3-5 seconds (12-20 breaths/min) |
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Compression rate |
100-120/min |
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Compression depth for adults |
2-2.4 inches (5cm to 6cm) |
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Compression depth children |
At least 1/3rd the anterior-posterior diameter of the chest (approximately 2 inches [5cm] in most children) |
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CPR depth in infants |
At least one-third the anterior-posterior diameter of the chest (approximately 1.5 inches [4cm] for infants) |
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Compression and vent ratio for adults |
30:2 |
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Compression and vent ratio for children and infants 2 rescuer |
15:2 |
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Compression rate for infant and ped 1 rescuer |
30:2 |
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CPR EMS activation for witnessed |
Activate emergency response system |
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CPR EMS activation for unwitnessed |
Activate emergency response for adults. Provide CPR for infants and peds before activating ems |
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What to do if the patients chest is wet when placing pads |
Quickly wipe it dry |
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Placing AED pads on a patient with a pacemaker |
Place it 1 inch away from the device |
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If the pacemaker shocked the patient |
Continue CPR and wait 30 to 60 seconds before delivering a shock from the AED |
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CPR and a med patch |
Remove the patch |
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DICE for drugs |
Dosage/drug, indications/integrity, contraindications/clarity, expedite treatment/expiration |
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Trendelenburg position |
Body is prone and tilted 15-30 degrees upward (feet higher than head) reverse trendelenburg is the exact opposite where the head is higher than the feet. |
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Causes of shock |
Pump failure, low fluid volume, poor vessel function |
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Cardiogenic shock |
Is caused by inadequate function of the heart, or pump failure. It develops when the heart cannot maintain sufficient output (cardiac output) to meet the demands of the body. The heart must have adequate strength (myocardial contractility), must receive adequate blood to pump. |
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Obstructive shock |
Is caused by a mechanical obstruction which prevents an adequate volume of blood to fill the heart chambers. Three of the most common examples of obstructive shock are cardiac tamponade, tension pneumothorax, and pulmonary embolism. |
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Cardiac tamponade |
(Pericardial tamponade) a collection of fluid between the pericardial sac and the myocardium is called a pericardial effusion. If effusion becomes large enough, it can prevent the ventricles from filling with blood - a condition called cardiac tamponade. |
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Tension pneumothorax |
Is accumulation of air in the pleural space, which eventually compresses the heart and great vessels |
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Pulmonary embolism |
Is a blood clot that occurs in the pulmonary circulation and blocks the flow of blood through the pulmonary vessels. |
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Distributed shock |
When there is a widespread dilation of the small arterioles, small venules, or both. Circulating blood volume pools in the expanded vascular beds and tissue perfusion decreases. |
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4 types of distributive shock |
Septic shock, neurogenic, anaphylactic, psychogenic |
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Septic shock |
Occurs as a result of sever infections, usually bacterial, in which toxins (poisons) are generated by the bacteria or by infected body tissues |
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Neurogenic shock |
Is usually the result of high spinal cord injury. The muscles in the walls of the blood vessels are cut off from the sympathetic nervous system and nerve impulses that cause them to contract. |
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Anaphylactic shock (anaphylaxis) |
Occurs when a person reacts violently to a substance to which he or she has been sensitized. |
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Sensitization |
Means becoming sensitive to a substance that did not initially cause a reaction |
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Psychogenic shock |
A patient is psychogenic shock has had a sudden reaction reaction of the nervous system that produces a temporary, generalized vascular dilation, resulting in fainting, or syncope. |
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Syncope |
Occurs when blood pools in the dilated vessels, reducing the blood supply to the brain; the brain ceases to function normally, and the patient then faints. |
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Hypovolemic shock |
Is the result of an inadequate amount of fluid or volume in the circulatory system. There are hemorrhagic and non-hemorrhaghic causes of hypovolemic shock. |
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Hemorrhagic shock |
Injuries involving bleeding |
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Non-Hemorrhagic shock |
Vomiting and diarrhea |
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How to control bleeding |
1) direct pressure (gloved hand) 2) pressure dressing 3) tourniquet |
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Upper airway |
Nose, mouth, jaw, oral cavity, Pharynx, Nasopharynx, oropharynx, larynx |
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Nasopharynx |
Is lined with a collated mucous membrane that keeps contaminants such as dust and other small particles out of the respiratory tract. It also wakes and humidifier air as it enters the body. |
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Oropharynx |
Forms the posterior portion of the oral cavity, whichis bordered superiorly by the hard and soft palates, laterally by cheeks, and inferiorly by the tongue. Superior to the larynx, the symphyis helps separate the digestive system from the respiratory system. |
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Larynx |
Location where upper airway ends and lower airway begins |
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What stimulates breathing |
A rise in Co2 |
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Percentage of oxygen outside |
21% |
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Percentage of oxygen we breath out |
16% which is enough for a patient to survive |
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Measuring and opa |
Corner of the mouth to the earlobe |
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Measuring an npa |
Corner of the nose to the earlobe |
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Full oxygen tank |
2000 |
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When does an oxygen tank need to be refilled |
500 |
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Most common airway obstruction |
The tongue |
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Miller blades |
Used for endotracheal intubation, Miller blade is straight |
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Macintosh |
Endotracheal intubation, curved blade. |
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Sids |
Sudden infant death syndrome. The death of an infant or a young child that remains unexplained after complete autopsy. Several known factors: mother younger than 20yrs, mother smoked during pregnancy, low birth weight. |
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Burnout |
Indiciduals pattern of negative affective responses that furt er reduves his or her own job satisfaction, productivity and job performance. Burnout, whiuch is essentially the presence of a constant negative attitude toward any aspect of an individual's work, goes through three phases: emotional exhaustion, depersonaliztion and losing one's sense of personal accomplishment |
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Depression |
A natural physiologic and psychologic response to illness, especially if the illness is prolonged, debilitating or terminal |
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Stress |
The impact of stressors on your physical and mental well-being. |
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Anxiety |
A response to the anticipation of danger |
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Superior |
The portion nearer to the head from a specific reference point |
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Inferior |
The part nearer to the feet |
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Lateral |
Parts of the body that lie farther from the midline |
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Medial |
Parts that lie closer to the midline |
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Proximal |
Describes structures that are closer to the trunk |
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Distal |
Describes structures that are farther from the trunk or nearer to the free end of the extremity. |
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Superficial |
Closer to or on the skin |
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Deep |
Farther inside the body or tissue and away from the skin |
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Ventral |
Refers to the belly side of the body, or the anterior surface of the body |
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Dorsal |
Refers to the spinal side of the body, or the posterior surface of the body, including the back of the hand |
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Anterior |
The front surface of the body |
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Posterior |
The back surface of the body |
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Palmar |
The front region of the hand is referred to as the palm or palmar surface |
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Plantar |
Referred to as the bottom of the foot |
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Apex |
The tip of a structure |
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Flexion |
Is the bending of a joint |
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Extension |
Is the straightening of a joint |
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Adduction |
Is motion toward the midline |
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Abduction |
Is the motion away from the midline |
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Bilateral |
A body part that appears on both sides of the midline |
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Unilateral |
Something that appears on only one side of the body |
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RUQ |
Right upper quadrant |
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LUQ |
Left Upper Quadrant |
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RLQ |
Right Lower Quadrant |
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LLQ |
Left Lower Quadrant |
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Name of the legislation that authorizes hospital care |
Title 22 |
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Protection from radioactive incidents |
Time, distance, shielding |
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Age range for SIDS |
1 to 12 months, most die between 2 to 4 months |
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Febrile seizures are most common in children ages |
6months to 6yrs |
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Classic signs of AAA |
Tearing pain (back pain) pulsating mass |
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How to administer nitro tablets and sprays |
Closely monitor patients vital signs, particularly the blood pressure sublingually |
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Heat cramps |
Painful muscle spasms that occur with vigorous exercise |
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Heat exhaustion |
A heat emergency in which a significant amount of fluid and electrolyte loss occurs because of heavy sweating; also called heat prostration or heat cramp |
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Heat stroke |
A life-threatening condition of severe hyperthermia caused by exposure to excessive natural of artificial heat, marked by warm, dry skin; severely altered mental status; and often irreversible coma |
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Superficial burns (first-degree) |
Involve the top layer of skin, the epidermis Red but does not blister or burn through this top layer Often painful |
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Partial-thickness (second degree) |
Involve the epidermis and some portion of the dermis These burns do not destroy the entire thickness of the skin not is the subcutaneous tissue |
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Full-thickness (third-degree) burns |
Extend through all skin layers and may involve subcutaneous layers, muscle, bone, or internal organs Dry and leathery, white, dark brown, or even charred. |
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Meconium |
Green fluid in the amniotic sac, indicates the fetus is in distress before delivery |
